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In Newcomb's paradox you choose to receive either the contents of a particular closed box, or the contents of both that closed box and another one. Before you choose, a prediction algorithm deduces your choice, and fills the two boxes based…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2010-03-09 David H. Wolpert , Gregory Benford

The information loss paradox is usually stated as an incompatibility between general relativity and quantum mechanics. However, the assumptions leading to the problem are often overlooked and, in fact, a careful inspection of the main…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-19 Luca Buoninfante , Francesco Di Filippo , Shinji Mukohyama

The Gibbs Paradox is essentially a set of open questions as to how sameness of gases or fluids (or masses, more generally) are to be treated in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. They have a variety of answers, some restricted to…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2018-08-07 Simon Saunders

Quantum mechanics marks a radical departure from the classical understanding of Nature, fostering an inherent randomness which forbids a deterministic description; yet the most fundamental departure arises from something different. As shown…

Quantum theory (QT) has been confirmed by numerous experiments, yet we still cannot fully grasp the meaning of the theory. As a consequence, the quantum world appears to us paradoxical. Here we shed new light on QT by having it follow from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-12 Alessio Benavoli , Alessandro Facchini , Marco Zaffalon

The Classical Twin Paradox is widely dealt in literature and neatly resolved. In addition, it is also well known that, when looking at two systems which are boosted relative to each other, the concept of the simultaneous effect of a quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-02-10 Doron ludwin

Why does such a successful theory like Quantum Mechanics have so many mysteries? The history of this theory is replete with dubious interpretations and controversies, and yet a knowledge of its predictions, however, contributed to the…

We generalize the quantum "pigeonhole paradox" to quantum paradoxes involving arbitrary types of particle relations, including orderings, functions and graphs.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Benjamin Schumacher , Michael D. Westmoreland

Quantum Mechanics of the Early Universe is considered as deformation of a well-known Quantum Mechanics. Similar to previous works of the author, the principal approach is based on deformation of the density matrix with concurrent…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 A. E. Shalyt-Margolin

The role of probability in quantum mechanics is reviewed, with a discussion of the ``orthodox'' versus the statistical interpretive frameworks, and of a number of related issues. After a brief summary of sources of unease with quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen L. Adler

This article is devoted to the study of which appears as the most famous paradoxes of quantum theory (Schrodinger cat, EPR argument and Aspect experiments, delayed choice experiments and retrocausality problems). Through these experiments,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 Daniel Parrochia

Many quantum paradoxes based on a realistic view of weak values were discussed in the last decades. They lead to astonishing conclusions such as the measurement of a spin component of a spin-1/2 particle resulting in $100\hbar$, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-15 Alice M. Aredes , Pablo L. Saldanha

The classical Gibbs paradox concerns the entropy change upon mixing two gases. Whether an observer assigns an entropy increase to the process depends on their ability to distinguish the gases. A resolution is that an "ignorant" observer,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 Benjamin Yadin , Benjamin Morris , Gerardo Adesso

Quantum theory encounters a difficulty when attempting to describe recording devices. If the recording is of events in which quantum uncertainty plays a role, such as an experiment on a quantum system, quantum theory is unable to correctly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Eric Tesse

Quantum mechanics describes the relation between different measurement contexts in terms of superpositions of the potential measurement outcomes. This relation between measurement contexts makes it impossible to determine context…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-16 Holger F. Hofmann

The notion of quantum information related to the two different perspectives of the global and local states is examined. There is circularity in the definition of quantum information because we can speak only of the information of systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Subhash Kak

Complementarity is one of the main features of quantum physics that radically departs from classical notions. Here we consider the limitations that this principle imposes due to the unpredictability of measurement outcomes of incompatible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-29 F. E. S. Steinhoff , M. C. de Oliveira

Quantum paradoxes show that the outcomes of different quantum measurements cannot be described by a single measurement-independent reality. Any theoretical description of a quantum measurement implies the selection of a specific measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Jonte R. Hance , Ming Ji , Tomonori Matsushita , Holger F. Hofmann

The primary objective of this note is to revisit the two envelope problem and propose a simple resolution. It is argued that the paradox arises from the ambiguity associated with the money content $x of the chosen envelope. When X=x is…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-01-03 Aris Spanos

The black hole information paradox tells us something important about the way quantum mechanics and gravity fit together. In these lectures I try to give a pedagogical review of the essential physics leading to the paradox, using mostly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-01-28 Samir D. Mathur