Related papers: The Dirac algebra and grand unification
We present an analysis of the Dirac equation when the spin symmetry is changed from SU(2) to the quaternion group, $Q_8$, achieved by multiplying one of the gamma matrices by the imaginary number, $i$. The reason for doing this is to…
The Standard Model of particle physics may seem complicated and arbitrary, but it has hidden patterns that are revealed by the relationship between three "grand unified theories": theories that unify forces and particles by extending the…
The author's idea of {\it algebraic compositeness} of fundamental particles, allowing to understand the existence in Nature of three fermion generations, is revisited. It is based on two postulates. i) For all fundamental particles of…
In this paper, we present a covariant, relativistic noncommutative algebra which includes two small deformation parameters. Using this algebra, we obtain a generalized uncertainty principle which predicts a minimal observable length in…
The unified theory of physics unifies various phenomena in our observable universe and other universes. The unified theory is based on the zero-energy universe and the space-object structures. Different universes in different developmental…
We present a generalization of the notion of an algebra norm relevant to real finite-dimensional unital associative algebras. Among other things, this leads to a novel set of algebra isomorphism invariants, some of which are computationally…
We show that the principal part of the Dirac Hamiltonian in 3+1 dimensions emerges in a semi-classical approximation from a construction which encodes the kinematics of quantum gravity. The construction is a spectral triple over a…
The Dirac equation is reinterpreted as a constitutive equation for singularities in the electromagnetic vacuum, with the electron as a point singularity on a lightlike toroidal vortex. The diameter of the vortex is a Compton wavelength and…
An extension of the Dirac procedure for the quantization of constrained systems is necessary to address certain issues that are left open in Dirac's original proposal. These issues play an important role especially in the context of…
There were many attempts to geometrize electromagnetic field and find out new interpretation for quantum mechanics formalism. The distinctive feature of this work is that it combines geometrization of electromagnetic field and…
We aim at studying collections of algebraic structures defined over a commutative ring and investigating the complexity of significant constructions carried out on these objects. The assignment of measures of size, via a multiplicity…
It is postulated that quantum gravity is a sum over causal structures coupled to matter via scale evolution. Quantized causal structures can be described by studying simple matrix models where matrices are replaced by an algebra of quantum…
In this note a simple extension of the complex algebra to higher dimension is proposed. Using the postulated algebra a two dimensional Dirac equation is formulated and its solution is calculated. It is found that there is a sub-algebra…
The structure of a bound state of several Dirac particles is discussed. Relying on solid mathematical arguments of the Wigner-Racah algebra, it is proved the a non-negligible number of configurations is required for a description of this…
Wigner's "unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics" in physics can be understood as a reflection of a deep and unexpected unity between the fundamental structures of mathematics and of physics. Some of the history of evidence for this is…
Considering a bosonic ($1$-)form-valued $k$-form with a second-order Lagrangian dynamics [depending on two arbitrary real constants] we firstly perform the Dirac analysis. The procedure implies a partition of cardinally seven for the plane…
This paper describes in detail how (discrete) quaternions - ie. the abstract structure of 3-D space - emerge from, first, the Void, and thence from primitive combinatorial structures, using only the exclusion and co-occurrence of otherwise…
The presentation makes use of geometric algebra, also known as Clifford algebra, in 5-dimensional spacetime. The choice of this space is given the character of first principle, justified solely by the consequences that can be derived from…
The neat formulation that describes the gauge interactions associated with internal symmetries is extended to the case of a simple, yet non-trivial, symmetry group structure which mixes gravity and electromagnetism by associating a gauge…
An introduction to nuclear theory is given starting from the quantum chromodynamics foundations for quark and gluon fields, then discussing properties of pions and nucleons, interactions between nucleons, structure of the deuteron and light…