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A long-distance quantum network for distributing entangled states would support novel information applications, such as unconditionally secure cryptography and distributed quantum computing. Realizing such a network requires hardware that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-18 Cody Jones , Kristiaan De Greve , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

Tremendous progress in experimental quantum optics during the past decades enabled the advent of quantum technologies, one of which is quantum communication. Aimed at novel methods for more secure or efficient information transfer, quantum…

Quantum networks aim to facilitate the fault-tolerant and secure transmission of quantum states across distant devices. The widely adopted quantum teleportation scheme requires multiple rounds of entanglement swapping and purification,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 IlKwon Sohn , Boseon Kim , Kwangil Bae , Wooyeong Song , Chankyun Lee , Kabgyun Jeong , Wonhyuk Lee

Efficient communication between qubits relies on robust networks which allow for fast and coherent transfer of quantum information. It seems natural to harvest the remarkable properties of systems characterized by topological invariants to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-23 Nicolai Lang , Hans Peter Büchler

We propose a projection measurement onto encoded Bell states with a static network of linear optical elements. By increasing the size of the quantum error correction code, both Bell measurement efficiency and photon-loss tolerance can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-23 Fabian Ewert , Marcel Bergmann , Peter van Loock

Quantum networks, capable of transmitting arbitrary quantum states, provide a foundation for a wide range of quantum applications, including distributed quantum computing, distributed quantum sensing, and quantum communication. Photons are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Tian-Xiang Zhu , Xiao Liu , Zong-Quan Zhou , Chuan-Feng Li

Timing requirements for long-range quantum networking are driven by the necessity of synchronizing the arrival of photons, from independent sources, for Bell-state measurements. Thus, characteristics such as repetition rate and pulse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Randy Lafler , R. Nicholas Lanning

Photons are ideal carriers of quantum information, as they can be easily created and can travel long distances without being affected by decoherence. For this reason, they are well suited for quantum communication. However, the interaction…

Long-distance optical quantum channels are necessarily lossy, leading to errors in transmitted quantum information, entanglement degradation and, ultimately, poor protocol performance. Quantum states carrying information in the channel can…

Quantum teleportation is a fundamental concept in quantum physics which now finds important applications at the heart of quantum technology including quantum relays, quantum repeaters and linear optics quantum computing (LOQC). Photonic…

The possibility of achieving quantum communication using photons across interstellar distances is examined. For this, different factors are considered that could induce decoherence of photons, including the gravitational field of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-13 Arjun Berera , Jaime Calderón-Figueroa

Quantum information science may lead to technological breakthroughs in computing, cryptography and sensing. For the implementation of these tasks, however, complex devices with many components are needed and the quantum advantage may easily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-08 Lisa T. Weinbrenner , Lina Vandré , Tim Coopmans , Otfried Gühne

A long standing goal for quantum communication is to transfer a quantum state over arbitrary distances. Free-space quantum communication provides a promising solution towards this challenging goal. Here, through a 97-km free space channel,…

Quantum teleportation and quantum memory are two crucial elements for large-scale quantum networks. With the help of prior distributed entanglement as a "quantum channel", quantum teleportation provides an intriguing means to faithfully…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-25 Xiao-Hui Bao , Xiao-Fan Xu , Che-Ming Li , Zhen-Sheng Yuan , Chao-Yang Lu , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum-secured optical channels based on Quantum Key Distribution technology have generated a significant global interest. Although the maturity level of the short distance (less than 100 km) quantum-secured channels is at a deployment…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-22 Farzam Toudeh-Fallah

We show that quantum information may be transferred between atoms in different locations by using ``phantom photons'': the atoms are coupled through electromagnetic fields, but the corresponding field modes do not have to be fully…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 S. J. van Enk , H. J. Kimble , J. I. Cirac , P. Zoller

Quantum optical states are fragile and can become corrupted when passed through a lossy communication channel. Unlike for classical signals, optical amplifiers cannot be used to recover quantum signals. Quantum repeaters have been proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-15 Josephine Dias , Timothy C Ralph

We report on an experiment demonstrating the principle for transmitting quantum images through long distances. Signal and idler beams carrying correlated images have natural divergences that can be compensated by the use of collimating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. P. Almeida , P. H. Souto Ribeiro

Academia, governments, and industry around the world are on a quest to build long-distance quantum communication networks for a future quantum internet. Using air and fiber channels, quantum communication quickly faced the daunting…

In the absence of quantum repeaters, quantum communication proved to be nearly impossible across optical fibres longer than $\gtrsim 20\text{ km}$ due to the drop of transmissivity below the critical threshold of $1/2$. However, if the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-29 Francesco Anna Mele , Ludovico Lami , Vittorio Giovannetti