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We introduce a new mathematical framework for the probabilistic description of an experiment on a system of any type in terms of information representing this system initially. Based on the notions of an information state and a generalized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Elena R. Loubenets

Quantum Mechanics (QM) is a quantum probability theory based on the density matrix. The possibility of applying classical probability theory, which is based on the probability distribution function(PDF), to describe quantum systems is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-12 Jinshan Wu , Shouyong Pei

The density operator of a quantum state can be represented as a complex joint probability of any two observables whose eigenstates have non-zero mutual overlap. Transformations to a new basis set are then expressed in terms of complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-26 Holger F. Hofmann

We show that probabilities of results of all possible measurements performing on a quantum system depend on the system's state only through its density matrix. Therefore all experimentally available information about the state contains in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-01 Alexey Nenashev

It is usually believed that a picture of Quantum Mechanics in terms of true probabilities cannot be given due to the uncertainty relations. Here we discuss a tomographic approach to quantum states that leads to a probability representation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Michele Caponigro , Stefano Mancini , Vladimir I. Man'ko

We introduce the probability distributions describing quantum observables in conventional quantum mechanics and clarify their relations to the tomographic probability distributions describing quantum states. We derive the evolution equation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-28 Vladimir N. Chernega , Olga V. Man'ko , Vladimir I. Man'ko

We present a description of finite dimensional quantum entanglement, based on a study of the space of all convex decompositions of a given density matrix. On this space we construct a system of real polynomial equations describing separable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-27 J. K. Korbicz , F. Hulpke , A. Osterloh , M. Lewenstein

The tomographic probability distribution is used to decribe the kinetic equations for open quantum systems. Damped oscillator is studied. Purity parameter evolution for different damping regime is considered.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. I. Man'ko , V. A. Sharapov , E. V. Shchukin

This survey gives a comprehensive account of quantum correlations understood as a phenomenon stemming from the rules of quantization. Centered on quantum probability it describes the physical concepts related to correlations (both classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-22 W. A. Majewski

Two quantum systems, each described as a random-matrix ensemble. are coupled to each other via a number of transition states. Each system is strongly coupled to a large number of channels. The average transmission probability is the product…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-14 Hans A. Weidenmüller

We characterise the probability distributions that arise from quantum circuits all of whose gates commute, and show when these distributions can be classically simulated efficiently. We consider also marginal distributions and the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-05-12 Dan Shepherd

We present a probabilistic quantum processor for qudits. The processor itself is represented by a fixed array of gates. The input of the processor consists of two registers. In the program register the set of instructions (program) is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Mark Hillery , Vladimir Buzek , Mario Ziman

We develop an approach where the quantum system states and quantum observables are described as in classical statistical mechanics -- the states are identified with probability distributions and observables, with random variables. An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-23 Vladimir N. Chernega , Olga V. Man'ko , Vladimir I. Man'ko

We examine the possible states of subsystems of a system of bits or qubits. In the classical case (bits), this means the possible marginal distributions of a probability distribution on a finite number of binary variables; we give necessary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Paul Butterley , Anthony Sudbery , Jason Szulc

A density matrix $\rho$ may be represented in many different ways as a mixture of pure states, $\rho = \sum_i p_i |\psi_i\ra \la \psi_i|$. This paper characterizes the class of probability distributions $(p_i)$ that may appear in such a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 M. A. Nielsen

Usually models for quantum computations deal with unitary gates on pure states. In this paper we generalize the usual model. We consider a model of quantum computations in which the state is an operator of density matrix and the gates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Vasily E. Tarasov

This brief article gives an overview of quantum mechanics as a {\em quantum probability theory}. It begins with a review of the basic operator-algebraic elements that connect probability theory with quantum probability theory. Then quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-04 Hendra I. Nurdin

This paper introduces a novel approach to probabilistic deep learning, kernel density matrices, which provide a simpler yet effective mechanism for representing joint probability distributions of both continuous and discrete random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Fabio A. González , Raúl Ramos-Pollán , Joseph A. Gallego-Mejia

The state $\rho$ of a quantum system can be represented by a vector $\mathbf{P}_{\mathcal{M}}(\rho)$ of outcome probabilities for a set of measurements $\mathcal{M}$. Such representations appear throughout physics, for example, in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Ladina Hausmann , Renato Renner

Concept of entangled probability distribution of several random variables is introduced. These probability distributions describe multimode quantum states in probability representation of quantum mechanics. Example of entangled probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-28 Vladimir N. Chernega , Olga V. Man'ko , Vladimir I. Man'ko