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Cells and tissues have the remarkable ability to actively generate the forces required to change their shape. This active mechanical behavior is largely mediated by the actin cytoskeleton, a crosslinked network of actin filaments that is…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-12-18 Jose Alvarado , Luca Cipelletti , Gijsje Koenderink

As well known, magnetic fields in space are distributed very inhomogeneously. Some-times field distributions have forms of filaments with high magnetic field values. As many ob-servations show, such a filamentation takes place in convective…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-03 Evgeny A. Kuznetsov , Evgeny A. Mikhailov

A phenomenological description for active bundles of polar filaments is presented. The activity of the bundle results from crosslinks, that induce relative displacements between the aligned filaments. Our generic description is based on…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Karsten Kruse , Frank Julicher

We study the dynamics of an entangled, isotropic solution of polar filaments coupled by molecular motors which generate relative motion of the filaments in two and three dimensions. We investigate the stability of the homogeneous state for…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-07 Tanniemola B. Liverpool , M. Cristina Marchetti

Composites of flexible and rigid polymers are ubiquitous in biology and industry alike, yet the physical principles determining their mechanical properties are far from understood. Here, we couple force spectroscopy with large-scale…

The actin cortex is an active biopolymer network underneath the plasma membrane at the periphery of mammalian cells. It is a major regulator of cell shape through the generation of active cortical tension. In addition, the cortex…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-05-15 Valentin Ruffine , Andreas Hartmann , Michael Schlierf , Elisabeth Fischer-Friedrich

Movement within eukaryotic cells largely originates from localized forces exerted by myosin motors on scaffolds of actin filaments. Although individual motors locally exert both contractile and extensile forces, large actomyosin structures…

Biological Physics · Physics 2014-10-06 Martin Lenz

The actin cytoskeleton is a key component in the machinery of eukaryotic cells, and it selfassembles out of equilibrium into a wide variety of biologically crucial structures. While the molecular mechanisms involved are well characterized,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-01-04 Giulia Foffano , Nicolas Levernier , Martin Lenz

Crosslinked semi-flexible and flexible filaments that are actively deformed by molecular motors occur in various natural settings, such as the ordered eukaryotic flagellum, and the disordered cytoskeleton. The deformation of these composite…

Biological Physics · Physics 2018-10-02 Arvind Gopinath , Raghunath Chelakkot , L. Mahadevan

Actomyosin contractility is essential for biological force generation, and is well understood in highly organized structures such as striated muscle. Additionally, actomyosin bundles devoid of this organization are known to contract both in…

Biological Physics · Physics 2012-04-03 Martin Lenz , Margaret L. Gardel , Aaron R. Dinner

Myosin motor proteins drive vigorous steady-state fluctuations in the actin cytoskeleton of cells. Endogenous embedded semiflexible filaments such as microtubules, or added filaments such as single-walled carbon nanotubes are used as novel…

Biological Physics · Physics 2016-06-21 J. Gladrow , N. Fakhri , F. C. MacKintosh , C. F. Schmidt , C. P. Broedersz

Several new features arise in the ground-state phase diagram of a spin-1 condensate trapped in an optical trap when the magnetic dipole interaction between the atoms is taken into account along with confinement and spin precession. The…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2010-02-06 Jonas A. Kjäll , Andrew M. Essin , Joel E. Moore

Most materials freeze when cooled to sufficiently low temperature. We find that magnetic dipoles randomly distributed in a solid matrix condense into a spin liquid with spectral properties on cooling that are the diametric opposite of those…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-10 S. Ghosh , R. Parthasarathy , T. F. Rosenbaum , G. Aeppli

We introduce a phenomenological model to study the properties of bundles of polar filaments which interact via active elements. The stability of the homogeneous state, the attractors of the dynamics in the unstable regime and the tensile…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Karsten Kruse , Frank Julicher

We show that the exponential length distribution that is typical of actin filaments under physiological conditions dramatically narrows in the presence of (i) crosslinker proteins (ii) polyvalent counterions or (iii) depletion mediated…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 David Biron , Elisha Moses , Itamar Borukhov , S. A. Safran

We study the elastic properties of a rigid filament in a bath of self-propelled particles. We find that while fully flexible filaments swell monotonically upon increasing the strength of the propelling force, rigid filaments soften for…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-23 Joseph Harder , Chantal Valeriani , Angelo Cacciuto

On a dipole plasma, we observe the generation of magnetic moment, as the movement of the levitating magnet-plasma compound, in response to electron-cyclotron heating and the increase of $\beta$ (magnetically-confined thermal energy). We…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2014-04-11 Z. Yoshida , Y. Yano , J. Morikawa , H. Saitoh

Mechanics has an important role during morphogenesis, both in the generation of forces driving cell shape changes and in determining the effective material properties of cells and tissues. Drosophila dorsal closure (DC) has emerged as a…

The actin cytoskeleton is an active semi-flexible polymer network whose non-equilibrium properties coordinate both stable and contractile behaviors to maintain or change cell shape. While myosin motors drive the actin cytoskeleton…

Myosin II is the muscle molecular motor that works in two bipolar arrays in each thick filament of the striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle, converting the chemical energy into steady force and shortening by cyclic ATP--driven…