Related papers: Formal context for cryptographic models

Contrastive explanations clarify why an event occurred in contrast to another. They are more inherently intuitive to humans to both produce and comprehend. We propose a methodology to produce contrastive explanations for classification…

Understanding and simulating how a quantum system interacts and exchanges information or energy with its surroundings is a ubiquitous problem, one which must be carefully addressed in order to establish a coherent framework to describe the…

Effective and efficient forecasting relies on identification of the relevant information contained in past observations -- the predictive features -- and isolating it from the rest. When the future of a process bears a strong dependence on…

A locking protocol between two parties is as follows: Alice gives an encrypted classical message to Bob which she does not want Bob to be able to read until she gives him the key. If Alice is using classical resources, and she wants to…

Instrumental variables allow the estimation of cause and effect relations even in presence of unobserved latent factors, thus providing a powerful tool for any science wherein causal inference plays an important role. More recently, the…

Quantum correlations in Bell and prepare-and-measure experiments are central resources for probing nonclassicality and enabling device-based quantum information protocols. In the absence of shared public randomness (i.e., without run-to-run…

Although the foundations of quantum and classical physics are much different, it is often difficult to pinpoint which features of a particular system are intrinsically "quantum". Perhapse, the most clear-cut distinction between "classical"…

A model for two entangled systems in an EPR setting is shown to reproduce the quantum-mechanical outcomes and expectation values. Each system is represented by a small sphere containing a point-like particle embedded in a field. A quantum…

It is shown that Quantum Mechanics is ambiguous when predicting relative frequencies for an entangled system if the measurements of both subsystems are performed in spatially separated events. This ambiguity gives way to unphysical…

This paper aims to extend the framework of causal modelling to teleological explanations. It conceives final models as second-order models produced by interventions on first-order causal models. It shows why such formalisation permits us to…

For many quantum models an apparent non-Hermiticity of observables corresponds to their hidden Hermiticity in another, physical Hilbert space. For these models we show that the existence of observables which are manifestly time-dependent…

The causal structure of any experiment implies restrictions on the observable correlations between measurement outcomes, which are different for experiments exploiting classical, quantum, or post-quantum resources. In the study of Bell…

Many widely used models amount to an elaborate means of making up numbers--but once a number has been produced, it tends to be taken seriously and its source (the model) is rarely examined carefully. Many widely used models have little…

We provide a quantum model for the recent experiment coupling a tardigrade to superconducting qubits. A number of different perspectives are discussed with the emphasis placed on quantum entanglement between different subsystems involved in…

Contextuality provides a unifying paradigm for nonclassical aspects of quantum probabilities and resources of quantum information. Unfortunately, most forms of quantum contextuality remain experimentally unexplored due to the difficulty of…

Quantum metrology and cryptography can be combined in a distributed and/or remote sensing setting, where distant end-users with limited quantum capabilities can employ quantum states, transmitted by a quantum-powerful provider via a quantum…

Many quantum key distribution analyses examine the link security in a subset of the full Hilbert space that is available to describe the system. In reality, information about the photon state can be embedded in correlations between the…

A quantum mirror is a device whose optical response, that is, transmission and reflection, can be controlled by a single qubit. Here, we propose the use of quantum mirrors as nodes in quantum networks. Propagating coherent states mediate…

We investigate the correspondence between classical noise and quantum environments. Although it has been known that the classical noise can be mapped to the quantum environments only for pure dephasing and infinite-temperature dissipation…

In a previous paper certain measurable criteria have been derived, that are sufficient to demonstrate the existence of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations for measurements with continuous variable outcomes. Here it is shown how such…