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The most general structure (in matrix form) of a single-qubit gate is presented. Subsequently, used that to obtain a set of conditions for testing (a) whether a given 2-qubit gate is genuinely a 2-qubit gate, i.e., not decomposable into two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-22 Kishore Thapliyal , Anirban Pathak

We introduce the flag decomposition as a central tool for unitary synthesis. It lets us carve out a diagonal unitary with $2^n$ degrees of freedom in such a way that the remaining flag circuit is parametrized by the optimal number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Korbinian Kottmann , David Wierichs , Guillermo Alonso-Linaje , Nathan Killoran

We study how to generate in minimum time special unitary transformations for a two-level quantum system under the assumptions that: (i) the system is subject to a constant drift, (ii) its dynamics can be affected by three independent,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-18 Raffaele Romano

Any single-qubit unitary operation or quantum gate can be considered a rotation. Typical experimental implementations of single-qubit gates involve two or three fixed rotation axes, and up to three rotation steps. Here we show that, if the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-03-05 Yun-Pil Shim , Jianjia Fei , Sangchul Oh , Xuedong Hu , Mark Friesen

Although only two quantum states of a physical system are often used to encode quantum information in the form of qubits, many levels can in principle be used to obtain qudits and increase the information capacity of the system. To take…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Aryan Iliat , Mark Byrd , Sahel Ashhab , LianAo Wu

We demonstrate how structured decompositions of unitary operators can be employed to derive control schemes for finite-level quantum systems that require only sequences of simple control pulses such as square wave pulses with finite rise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 S. G. Schirmer , A. D. Greentree , V. Ramakrishna , H. Rabitz

We consider the implementation of two-qubit unitary transformations by means of CNOT gates and single-qubit unitary gates. We show, by means of an explicit quantum circuit, that together with local gates three CNOT gates are necessary and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 G. Vidal , C. M. Dawson

A critical step in developing circuits for quantum simulation is to synthesize a desired unitary operator using the circuit building blocks. Studying unitaries and their generators from the Lie algebraic perspective has given rise to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Omar Alsheikh , Efekan Kökcü , Bojko N. Bakalov , A. F. Kemper

An efficient and intuitive framework for universal quantum computation is presented that uses pairs of spin-1/2 particles to form logical qubits and a single physical interaction, Heisenberg exchange, to produce all gate operations. Only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Jeremy Levy

Most quantum computer realizations require the ability to apply local fields and tune the couplings between qubits, in order to realize single bit and two bit gates which are necessary for universal quantum computation. We present a scheme…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Xingxiang Zhou , Zheng-Wei Zhou , Guang-Can Guo , Marc J. Feldman

The universal quantum computer is a device capable of simulating any physical system and represents a major goal for the field of quantum information science. Algorithms performed on such a device are predicted to offer significant gains…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-04 D. Hanneke , J. P. Home , J. D. Jost , J. M. Amini , D. Leibfried , D. J. Wineland

Optimal implementation of quantum gates is crucial for designing a quantum computer. We consider the matrix representation of an arbitrary multiqubit gate. By ordering the basis vectors using the Gray code, we construct the quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Juha J. Vartiainen , Mikko Mottonen , Martti M. Salomaa

We expand a set of notions recently introduced providing the general setting for a universal representation of the quantum structure on which quantum information stands. The dynamical evolution process associated with generic quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Annalisa Marzuoli , Mario Rasetti

An algebraic structure, Quotient Algebra Partition or QAP, is introduced in a serial of articles. The structure QAP is universal to Lie Algebras and enables algorithmic and exhaustive Cartan decompositions. The first episode draws the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-12-10 Zheng-Yao Su

We show how to construct a universal set of quantum logic gates using control over exchange interactions and single- and two-spin measurements only. Single-spin unitary operations are teleported instead of being executed directly, thus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 L. -A. Wu , D. A. Lidar

We propose SUN-VQC, a variational-circuit architecture whose elementary layers are single exponentials of a symmetry-restricted Lie subgroup, $\mathrm{SU}(2^{k}) \subset \mathrm{SU}(2^{n})$ with $k \ll n$. Confining the evolution to this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Kuan-Cheng Chen , Huan-Hsin Tseng , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Chen-Yu Liu , Kin K. Leung

Quantum algorithmics with single spins poses serious technological challenges such as precision fabrication, rapid decoherence, atomic-scale addressing and readout. To circumvent atomic-scale challenges, we examine the case of fully…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Mohamad Niknam , Robert N. Schwartz , Louis-S. Bouchard

We propose a simple physical implementation of the quantum Householder reflection (QHR) M(v)=I-2|v><v| in a quantum system of N degenerate states (forming a qunit) coupled simultaneously to an ancillary (excited) state by N resonant or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 P. A. Ivanov , E. S. Kyoseva , N. V. Vitanov

We investigate how to carry out universal quantum computation deterministically with free electrons in decoherence-free subspace by using polarizing beam splitters, charge detectors, and single-spin rotations. Quantum information in our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-10-23 X. L. Zhang , M. Feng , K. L. Gao

The two-qubit canonical decomposition SU(4) = [SU(2) \otimes SU(2)] Delta [SU(2) \otimes SU(2)] writes any two-qubit quantum computation as a composition of a local unitary, a relative phasing of Bell states, and a second local unitary.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Stephen S. Bullock , Gavin K. Brennen