Related papers: Characterising a universal cloning machine by maxi…
A maximum likelihood methodology for a general class of models is presented, using an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach. The typical target of ABC methods are models with intractable likelihoods, and we combine an ABC-MCMC…
We present a method for the determination of the completely positive (CP) map describing a physical device based on random preparation of the input states, random measurements at the output, and maximum-likelihood principle. In the…
This paper revisits the universal asymmetric $1 \to 2$ quantum cloning problem. We identify the symmetry properties of this optimisation problem, giving us access to the optimal quantum cloning map. Furthermore, we use the bipolar theorem,…
We present a universal technique for quantum state estimation based on the maximum-likelihood method. This approach provides a positive definite estimate for the density matrix from a sequence of measurements performed on identically…
We construct a probabilistic quantum cloning machine by a general unitary-reduction operation. With a postselection of the measurement results, the machine yields faithful copies of the input states. It is shown that the states secretly…
After the appearance of the no-cloning theorem, approximate quantum cloning machines (QCMs) have become one of the most well-studied subject in quantum information theory. Among several measures to quantify the performance of a QCM,…
Probabilistic quantum cloning and identifying machines can be constructed via unitary-reduction processes [Duan and Guo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4999 (1998)]. Given the cloning (identifying) probabilities, we derive an explicit representation…
The maximum-likelihood method for quantum estimation is reviewed and applied to the reconstruction of density matrix of spin and radiation as well as to the determination of several parameters of interest in quantum optics.
After proving a general no-cloning theorem for black boxes, we derive the optimal universal cloning of unitary transformations, from one to two copies. The optimal cloner is realized by quantum channels with memory, and greately outperforms…
An optimal universal cloning transformation is derived that produces M copies of an unknown qubit from a pair of orthogonal qubits. For M>6, the corresponding cloning fidelity is higher than that of the optimal copying of a pair of…
A general multi-step N->M probabilistic optimal universal cloning protocol is presented together with the experimental realization of the (1 -> 3) and (2 -> 3) machines. Since the present method exploits the bosonic nature of the photons,…
Maximum likelihood estimation is one of the most used methods in quantum state tomography, where the aim is to reconstruct the density matrix of a physical system from measurement results. One strategy to deal with positivity and unit trace…
We realize the probabilistic cloning and identifying linear independent quantum states of multi-particles system, given prior probability, with universal quantum logic gates using the method of unitary representation. Our result is…
We show that optimal universal quantum cloning can be realized via stimulated emission. Universality of the cloning procedure is achieved by choosing systems that have appropriate symmetries. We first discuss a scheme based on stimulated…
The relative error of cloning of quantum states with arbitrary prior probabilities is considered. It is assumed that the ancilla may contain some a priori information about the input state to be cloned. The lower bound on the relative error…
We consider non-universal cloning maps, namely cloning transformations which are covariant under a proper subgroup G of the universal unitary group U(d), where d is the dimension of the Hilbert space H of the system to be cloned. We give a…
We derive a tight upper bound for the fidelity of a universal N to M qubit cloner, valid for any M \geq N, where the output of the cloner is required to be supported on the symmetric subspace. Our proof is based on the concatenation of two…
We establish the best possible approximation to a perfect quantum cloning machine which produces two clones out of a single input. We analyze both universal and state-dependent cloners. The maximal fidelity of cloning is shown to be 5/6 for…
We investigate the probabilistic cloning and purification of quantum states. The performance of these probabilistic operations is quantified by the average fidelity between the ideal and actual output states. We provide a simple formula for…
The impossibility of perfectly copying (or cloning) an arbitrary quantum state is one of the basic rules governing the physics of quantum systems. The processes that perform the optimal approximate cloning have been found in many cases.…