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Topological qubits based on $SU(N)$-symmetric valence-bond solid models are constructed. A logical topological qubit is the ground subspace with two-fold degeneracy, which is due to the spontaneous breaking of a global parity symmetry. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-28 Dong-Sheng Wang , Ian Affleck , Robert Raussendorf

The Kitaev toric code is widely considered one of the leading candidates for error correction in fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, direct methods to increase its logical dimensions, such as lattice surgery or introducing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Zijian Liang , Ke Liu , Hao Song , Yu-An Chen

Quantum error correction is a set of methods to protect quantum information--that is, quantum states--from unwanted environmental interactions (decoherence) and other forms of noise. The information is stored in a quantum error-correcting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Todd A. Brun

Fault tolerance is a prerequisite for scalable quantum computing. Architectures based on 2D topological codes are effective for near-term implementations of fault tolerance. To obtain high performance with these architectures, we require a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-23 Ben Criger , Imran Ashraf

Surface codes$\unicode{x2014}$leading candidates for quantum error correction (QEC)$\unicode{x2014}$and entanglement phases$\unicode{x2014}$a key notion for many-body quantum dynamics$\unicode{x2014}$have heretofore been unrelated. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-06 Jan Behrends , Florian Venn , Benjamin Béri

In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions for the self-orthogonality of t-generator quasi-cyclic (QC) codes are presented under the Euclidean, Hermitian, and symplectic inner products, respectively. Particularly, by studying the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Mengying Gao , Yuhua Sun , Tongjiang Yan , Chun'e Zhao

This work compares the overhead of quantum error correction with concatenated and topological quantum error-correcting codes. To perform a numerical analysis, we use the Quantum Resource Estimator Toolbox (QuRE) that we recently developed.…

The strongly correlated systems we use to realise quantum error-correcting codes may give rise to high-weight, problematic errors. Encouragingly, we can expect local quantum error-correcting codes with no string-like logical operators $-$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-14 Georgia M. Nixon , Benjamin J. Brown

Topological quantum error correction codes have high thresholds and are well suited to physical implementation. The minimum weight perfect matching algorithm can be used to efficiently handle errors in such codes. We perform a timing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-20 Austin G. Fowler , Adam C. Whiteside , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

We construct quantum error-correcting codes that embed a finite-dimensional code space in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert state space of rotational states of a rigid body. These codes, which protect against both drift in the body's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-09 Victor V. Albert , Jacob P. Covey , John Preskill

Concatenated coding provides a general strategy to achieve the desired level of noise protection in quantum information storage and transmission. We report the implementation of a concatenated quantum error-correcting code able to correct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Nicolas Boulant , Lorenza Viola , Evan M. Fortunato , David G. Cory

Encoding quantum information in a quantum error correction (QEC) code offers protection against decoherence and enhances the fidelity of qubits and gate operations. One of the fundamental challenges of QEC is to construct codes with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Jasper Johannes Postema , Servaas J. J. M. F. Kokkelmans

A permutationally invariant n-bit code for quantum error correction can be realized as a subspace stabilized by the non-Abelian group S_n. The code corresponds to bases for the trivial representation, and all other irreducible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Harriet Pollatsek , Mary Beth Ruskai

We study the fundamental limits on the reliable storage of quantum information in lattices of qubits by deriving tradeoff bounds for approximate quantum error correcting codes. We introduce a notion of local approximate correctability and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-26 Steven T. Flammia , Jeongwan Haah , Michael J. Kastoryano , Isaac H. Kim

Designs for quantum error correction depend strongly on the connectivity of the qubits. For solid state qubits, the most straightforward approach is to have connectivity constrained to a planar graph. Practical considerations may also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-17 Bence Hetényi , James R. Wootton

Surface and color codes are two forms of topological quantum error correction in two spatial dimensions with complementary properties. Surface codes have lower-depth error detection circuits and well-developed decoders to interpret and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-18 Jonathan E. Moussa

Surface codes are quantum error correcting codes normally defined on 2D arrays of qubits. In this paper, we introduce a surface code design based on the fact that the severity of bit flip and phase flip errors in the physical quantum…

Topological defects play a fundamental role in the investigation of symmetries in quantum field theories. For conformal field theories in two space-time dimensions, it is possible to construct these defects using lattice models allowing…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-30 Madhav Sinha , Thiago Silva Tavares , Hubert Saleur , Ananda Roy

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for quantum computers to perform useful algorithms, but large-scale fault-tolerant computation remains out of reach due to demanding requirements on operation fidelity and the number of…

Topological error correction--a novel method to actively correct errors based on cluster states with topological properties--has the highest order of tolerable error rates known to date (10^{-2}). Moreover, the scheme requires only…