Related papers: Further Contents of Einstein's E = mc^{2}
For over a century the definitions of mass and derivations of its relation with energy continue to be elaborated, demonstrating that the concept of mass is still not satisfactorily understood. The aim of this study is to show that, starting…
In this article one aspect of the so-called '4/3-problem' is analyzed, namely definitions of the electromagnetic mass of the classical electron. It is shown that if the special relativity definition of the electromagnetic (EM) mass as the…
Considering two static, electrically charged, elementary particles, we demonstrate a possible way of proving that all known fundamental forces in the nature are the manifestations of the single, unique interaction. We re-define the gauging…
We revisit the quantum lattice gas model of a spinor quantum field theory-the smallest scale particle dynamics is partitioned into unitary collide and stream operations. The construction is covariant (on all scales down to a small length…
In the last few years we have seen an increase interest on gravitational waves due to recent and striking experimental results confirming Einstein's general relativity once more. From the field theory point of view, gravity describes the…
In our recently proposed quantum theory of gravity, the universe is made of `atoms' of space-time-matter (STM). Planck scale foam is composed of STM atoms with Planck length as their associated Compton wave-length. The quantum dispersion…
Mass shifts $\Delta m$ of particles in nuclear matter relative to their vacuum values are considered. A general formula relating $\Delta m(E)$ ($E$ is the particle energy) to the real part of the forward particle-nucleon scattering…
Mass is an important concept in classical mechanics, which regards a particle as a corpuscular object. But according to wave-particle duality, we know a free particle can behave like a wave. Is there a wave property that corresponds to the…
We discuss general properties of the conservation law associated with a local symmetry. Using Noether's theorem and a generalized Belinfante symmetrization procedure in 3+1 dimensions, a symmetric energy-momentum (pseudo) tensor for the…
We discuss Einstein gravity for a fluid consisting of particles interacting with an unidentified environment of some other particles whose dissipative effect is approximated by a diffusion. The environment is described by a time dependent…
To describe dark energy we introduce a fluid model with no free parameter on the microscopic level. The constituents of this fluid are massless particles which are a dynamical realisation of the unextended $D=(3+1)$ Galilei algebra. These…
The probably most fundamental information about a particle is contained in the matrix elements of its energy momentum tensor (EMT) which are accessible from hard-exclusive reactions via generalized parton distribution functions. The spin…
The Energy Problem (EP) in General Relativity (GR) is analyzed in the context of GR's axiomatic inconsistencies. EP is classified according to its local and global aspects. The local aspects of the EP include noncovariance of the…
We present new exact solutions for the Einstein-Maxwell system in static spherically symmetric interior spacetimes. For a particular form of the gravitational potentials and the electric field intensity, it is possible to integrate the…
For any configuration of a static plane-symmetric distribution of matter along space-time, there are coordinates where the metric can be put explicitly as a functional of the energy density and pressures. It satisfies Einstein equations as…
The ratio between the proton and electron masses was shown to be close to the ratio between the shortest lifetimes of particles, decaying by the electromagnetic and strong interactions. The inherent property of each fundamental interaction…
In this paper, we define energy-momentum density as a product of the complex vector electromagnetic field and its complex conjugate. We derive an equation for the spacetime derivative of the energy-momentum density. We show that the scalar…
It is known that Einstein's conceptual base for his theory of relativity was the philosophy formulated by Immanuel Kant. Things appear differently to observers in different frames. However, Kant's Ding-an-Sich leads to the existence of the…
The atom's orbital electron structure in terms of quantum numbers (principal, azimuthal, magnetic and spin) results in space for a maximum of: 2 electrons in the n=1 orbit, 8 electrons in the n=2 orbit, 18 electrons in the n=3 orbit, and so…
We argue that the classical theory of electromagnetism is based on Maxwell's macroscopic equations, an energy postulate, a momentum postulate, and a generalized form of the Lorentz law of force. These seven postulates constitute the…