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Obtaining the expectation value of an observable on a quantum computer is a crucial step in the variational quantum algorithms. For complicated observables such as molecular electronic Hamiltonians, a common strategy is to present the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-20 Tzu-Ching Yen , Aadithya Ganeshram , Artur F. Izmaylov

In the signal-processing literature, a frame is a mechanism for performing analysis and reconstruction in a Hilbert space. By contrast, in quantum theory, a positive operator-valued measure (POVM) decomposes a Hilbert-space vector for the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-04-27 Benjamin Robinson , Bill Moran , Doug Cochran

Positive operator measures (with values in the space of bounded operators on a Hilbert space) and their generalizations, mainly positive sesquilinear form measures, are considered with the aim of providing a framework for their generalized…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2015-06-26 Tuomas Hytönen , Juha-Pekka Pellonpää , Kari Ylinen

We present a way of understanding the curvature of space-time, the basic philosophy being that the (linear) geometry of any space is determined by the (linear) functionals on the algebra(s) of any fields defined on the space. It is known…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-09-15 E. Akofor

This paper completes a previous work by constructing a class of positive-energy relativistic spatial localization observables in Minkowski spacetime within quantum field theory, using the stress-energy-momentum tensor smeared with suitable…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Valter Moretti

We investigate a linear operator associated with a functional equation that arises from studying some class of invariant measures under multidimensional transformations. By examining its iterates, we derive an explicit solution formula for…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Oleksandr V. Maslyuchenko , Janusz Morawiec , Thomas Zürcher

We characterize the extremal points of the convex set of quantum measurements that are covariant under a finite-dimensional projective representation of a compact group, with action of the group on the measurement probability space which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Chiribella , G. M. D'Ariano

We present a method for obtaining evolution operators for linear quantum trajectories. We apply this to a number of physical examples of varying mathematical complexity, in which the quantum trajectories describe the continuous projection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 K. Jacobs , P. L. Knight

We construct relational observables in group field theory (GFT) in terms of covariant positive operator-valued measures (POVMs), using techniques developed in the context of quantum reference frames. We focus on matter quantum reference…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-03 Luca Marchetti , Edward Wilson-Ewing

Differentially positive systems are systems whose linearization along trajectories is positive. Under mild assumptions, their solutions asymptotically converge to a one-dimensional attractor, which must be a limit cycle in the absence of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-04-08 A. Mauroy , F. Forni , R. Sepulchre

The general formalism of quantum mechanics for the description of statistical experiments is briefly reviewed, introducing in particular position and momentum observables as POVM characterized by their covariance properties with respect to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-27 Bassano Vacchini

The present paper is devoted to the projective positivity in the category of function systems, which plays a key role in the quantization problems of the operator systems. The main result of the paper asserts that every unital star-normed…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2023-03-23 Anar Dosi

A modification of the covariant theory is proposed in which the self-energy of the system, corresponding to time-like degrees of freedom in the configuration space, preserves the classical law of change in quantum theory. As a result,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-27 Natalia Gorobey , Alexander Lukyanenko

This paper gives a brief introduction to Positive-Operator Valued Measure (POVM) of quantum communications. The Projection-Valued Measure (PVM) is first introduced and then the POVM. The relation between POVM and PVM is discussed and an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-21 Renzhi Yuan

A relation expressing the covariant transformation properties of a relativistic position operator is derived. This relation differs from the one existing in the literature expressing manifest covariance by some factor ordering. The relation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Mourad

Systems whose variable are constrained to be positive allow computationally efficient control design. We generalize these results to linear systems which leave a cone invariant. This is a wider class of systems than positive systems. We…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-28 Yu Kawano , Fulvio Forni

We consider group-covariant positive operator valued measures (POVMs) on a finite dimensional quantum system. Following Neumark's theorem a POVM can be implemented by an orthogonal measurement on a larger system. Accordingly, our goal is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Thomas Decker , Dominik Janzing , Martin Roetteler

We propose a covariant algorithm for relativistic ideal measurements and for relativistic continuous measurements, its non-relativistic limit results the algorithm of the Event-Enhanced Quantum Theory. Therefore an additional intrinsic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andreas Ruschhaupt

We study the probability assignment for the outcomes of time-extended measurements. We construct the class-operator that incorporates the information about a generic time-smeared quantity. These class-operators are employed for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 C. Anastopoulos , N. Savvidou

The moment operators of a semispectral measure having the structure of the convolution of a positive measure and a semispectral measure are studied, with paying attention to the natural domains of these unbounded operators. The results are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jukka Kiukas , Pekka Lahti , Kari Ylinen