Related papers: Attribute Exploration of Discrete Temporal Transit…
Entanglement is a non local property of quantum states which has no classical counterpart and plays a decisive role in quantum information theory. Several protocols, like the teleportation, are based on quantum entangled states. Moreover,…
Active inference is a mathematical framework for understanding how agents (biological or artificial) interact with their environments, enabling continual adaptation and decision-making. It combines Bayesian inference and free energy…
Mathematical models of biological populations commonly use discrete structure classes to capture trait variation among individuals (e.g. age, size, phenotype, intracellular state). Upscaling these discrete models into continuum descriptions…
The study of causal relations has recently been applied to the quantum realm, leading to the discovery that not all physical processes have a definite causal structure. While indefinite causal processes have previously been experimentally…
In many cases, feature selection is often more complicated than identifying a single subset of input variables that would together explain the output. There may be interactions that depend on contextual information, i.e., variables that…
The ability to predict the future in a given domain can be acquired by discovering empirically from experience certain temporal patterns that tend to repeat unerringly. Previous works in time series analysis allow one to make quantitative…
In theoretical ecology, models describing the spatial dispersal and the temporal evolution of species having non-overlapping generations are often based on integrodifference equations. For various such applications the environment has an…
In general relativity, the causal structure between events is dynamical, but it is definite and observer-independent; events are point-like and the membership of an event A in the future or past light-cone of an event B is an…
One of the modern paradigms to develop a system is object oriented analysis and design. In this paradigm, there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles. After identifying objects, the various relationships among…
This paper investigates the dynamical properties of tokens in pre-trained Transformer models and explores their application to improving Transformers. To this end, we analyze the dynamical system governing the continuous-time limit of the…
This paper considers how to classify the effects of interventions in causal models for outcomes and exposures observed over time. First, we demonstrate the limitations of the most common uses of potential outcomes and causal directed…
Most instruments - formalisms, concepts, and metrics - for social networks analysis fail to capture their dynamics. Typical systems exhibit different scales of dynamics, ranging from the fine-grain dynamics of interactions (which recently…
Search trees are fundamental data structures in computer science. We study functionals on random search trees that satisfy recurrence relations of a simple additive form. Many important functionals including the space requirement, internal…
Algorithms for learning database queries from examples and unique characterisations of queries by examples are prominent starting points for developing automated support for query construction and explanation. We investigate how far recent…
The ever increasing adoption of mobile technologies and ubiquitous services allows to sense human behavior at unprecedented levels of details and scale. Wearable sensors are opening up a new window on human mobility and proximity at the…
This paper investigates the relationship between subsystems and time in a closed nonrelativistic system of interacting bosons and fermions. It is possible to write any state vector in such a system as an unentangled tensor product of…
Simulation models are an absolute necessity in the human and social sciences, which can only very exceptionally use experimental science methods to construct their knowledge. Models enable the simulation of social processes by replacing the…
The presence of one or more species at some spatial locations but not others is a central matter in ecology. This phenomenon is related to ecological pattern formation. Nonlocal interactions can be considered as one of the mechanisms…
A formal consideration in this paper is given for the essential notations to characterize the object that is distinguished in a problem domain. The distinct object is represented by another idealized object, which is a schematic element.…
Scientific theory shift in AI agents requires more than fitting equations to data. An artificial scientific agent must detect whether an existing representational framework remains transportable into a new regime, or whether its language…