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Destructive agents, who opt out of the game and indiscriminately harm others, paradoxically foster cooperation, representing an intriguing variant of the voluntary participation strategy. Yet, their impact on cooperation remains…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-09-13 Khadija Khatun , Chen Shen , Lei Shi , Jun Tanimoto

In many social dilemmas, individuals tend to generate a situation with low payoffs instead of a system optimum ("tragedy of the commons"). Is the routing of traffic a similar problem? In order to address this question, we present…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Dirk Helbing , Martin Schonhof , Hans-Ulrich Stark , Janusz A. Holyst

Cooperation is usually represented as a Prisoner's Dilemma game. Although individual self-interest may not favour cooperation, cooperation can evolve if, for example, players interact multiple times adjusting their behaviour accordingly to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-04-29 Elton J. S. Júnior , Lucas Wardil , Jafferson K. L. da Silva

Cooperation is of utmost importance to society as a whole, but is often challenged by individual self-interests. While game theory has studied this problem extensively, there is little work on interactions within and across groups with…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-10-14 Dirk Helbing , Anders Johansson

Extortion strategies can dominate any opponent in an iterated prisoner's dilemma game. But if players are able to adopt the strategies performing better, extortion becomes widespread and evolutionary unstable. It may sometimes act as a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-02-17 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Recent studies in the spatial prisoner's dilemma games with reinforcement learning have shown that static agents can learn to cooperate through a diverse sort of mechanisms, including noise injection, different types of learning algorithms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Gustavo C. Mangold , Heitor C. M. Fernandes , Mendeli H. Vainstein

A fundamental question of human society is the evolution of cooperation. Many previous studies explored this question via setting spatial background, where players obtain their payoffs by playing game with their nearest neighbors. Another…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-20 Zhen Wang , Wen-Bo Du , Xian-Bin Cao , Lian-Zhong Zhang

Properties of cooperation's probability function in Prisoner`s Dilemma have impact on evolution of game. Basic model defines that probability of cooperation depends linearly, both on the player's altruism and the co-player's reputation. I…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-08-23 Andrzej Jarynowski

The prisoner's dilemma describes a conflict between a pair of players, in which defection is a dominant strategy whereas cooperation is collectively optimal. The iterated version of the dilemma has been extensively studied to understand the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-10-02 Seung Ki Baek , Su Do Yi , Hyeong-Chai Jeong

Partner selection is an important process in many social interactions, permitting individuals to decrease the risks associated with cooperation. In large populations, defectors may escape punishment by roving from partner to partner, but…

adap-org · Physics 2008-02-03 Dan Ashlock , Mark D. Smucker , E. Ann Stanley , Leigh Tesfatsion

In this paper, we investigate the prison's dilemma game with monte carlo rule in the view of the idea of the classic Monte Carlo method on the grid. Monte carlo rule is an organic combination of the current dynamic rules of individual…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Jiadong Wu , Chengye Zhao

The standard iterated prisoner's dilemma is an unrealistic model of social behaviour because it forces individuals to participate in the interaction. We analyse a model in which players have the option of ending their association. If the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2007-05-23 L. A. Khodarinova , J. N. Webb

We study an evolutionary spatial prisoner's dilemma game where the fitness of the players is determined by both the payoffs from the current interaction and their history. We consider the situation where the selection timescale is slower…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-09-15 Zhi-Xi Wu , Zhihai Rong , Petter Holme

Various theoretical and empirical studies have accounted for why humans cooperate in competitive environments. Although prior work has revealed that network structure and multiplex interactions can promote cooperation, most theory assumes…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-05 Jnanajyoti Bhaumik , Naoki Masuda

This paper characterizes how different incentive instruments shape cooperation in a repeated Prisoner`s Dilemma with a continuum of players. A simple tit-for-tat strategy competes against unconditional defection, and the long-run outcome is…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-14 Alexander Kangas

The iterated prisoner's dilemma is a game that produces many counter-intuitive and complex behaviors in a social environment, based on very simple basic rules. It illustrates that cooperation can be a good thing even in a competitive world,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Robert Prentner

Recent empirical research has shown that links between groups reinforce individuals within groups to adopt cooperative behaviour. Moreover, links between networks may induce cascading failures, competitive percolation, or contribute to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-10-16 Luo-Luo Jiang , Matjaz Perc

In a recent Letter [F.C. Santos and J. M. Pacheco Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{95}, 098104 (2005)], the scale-free networks are found to be advantageous for the emergence of cooperation. In the present work an evolutionary prisoner's dilemma…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Zhi-Xi Wu , Xin-Jian Xu , Ying-Hai Wang

A collective-risk social dilemma implies that personal endowments will be lost if contributions to the common pool within a group are too small. Failure to reach the collective target thus has dire consequences for all group members,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-10-25 Xiaojie Chen , Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Utilizing common resources is always a dilemma for community members. While cooperator players restrain themselves and consider the proper state of resources, defectors demand more than their supposed share for a higher payoff. To avoid the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-09-05 Xiaojie Chen , Attila Szolnoki