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Optical fluorescence imaging is capable of measuring both the spatial and rotational dynamics of single molecules. However, unavoidable measurement noise will result in inaccurate estimates of rotational dynamics, causing a molecule to…

Parameter estimation in diffusion processes from discrete observations up to a first-hitting time is clearly of practical relevance, but does not seem to have been studied so far. In neuroscience, many models for the membrane potential…

We introduce and experimentally demonstrate a method, where the two intrinsic time scales of a molecule, the slow nuclear motion and the fast electronic motion, are simultaneously measured in a photo-electron photo-ion coincidence…

Emergent phenomena share the fascinating property of not being obvious consequences of the design of the system in which they appear. This characteristic is no less relevant when attempting to simulate such phenomena, given that the outcome…

This work considers the problem of detecting signals from multiple sequentially observed data streams, where only one stream can be observed at every time instant. The goal is to detect signals as quickly as possible while controlling the…

Single molecules that exhibit narrow optical transitions at cryogenic temperatures can be used as local electric-field sensors. We derive the single charge sensitivity of aromatic organic dye molecules, based on first principles. Through…

In this paper we present an experimental approach that allows to deduce the important dynamical parameters of single sonoluminescing bubbles (pressure amplitude, ambient radius, radius-time curve) The technique is based on a few previously…

Ensemble averaging of molecular states is fundamental for the experimental determination of thermodynamic quantities. A special case occurs for single-molecule investigations under equilibrium conditions, for which free energy, entropy and…

For atoms embedded in dense plasma, the plasma screening effects will greatly alter their structure and dynamics, and then determine the radiation transport properties of the plasma. In the present work, a new statistical model is proposed…

Many-body quantum systems can exhibit collective effects that enhance the sensitivity of parameter estimation protocols. An example is provided by resonantly driven two-level atoms subject to collective dissipation, which can display a…

Probe theories are only applicable in the regime where the probe's perturbation of the plasma can be neglected. However, it is not always possible to know, a priori, that a particular probe theory can be successfully applied, especially in…

We show how one can measure the signal from slow jumps of a single molecule between metastable positions using a setup where the molecule is fixed to one lead, and one of the coupling strengths is controlled externally. Such a measurement…

Despite significant advances in particle imaging technologies over the past two decades, few advances have been made in particle tracking, i.e. linking individual particle positions across time series data. The state-of-the-art tracking…

Single object tracking is a vital task of many applications in critical fields. However, it is still considered one of the most challenging vision tasks. In recent years, computer vision, especially object tracking, witnessed the…

Strong positional correlations between particles render the diffusion of a tracer particle in a single file anomalous and non-Markovian. While ensemble average observables of tracer particles are nowadays well understood, little is known…

Here, steady-state reaction networks are inspected from the viewpoint of individual tagged molecules jumping among their chemical states upon the occurrence of reactive events. Such an agent-based viewpoint is useful for selectively…

Quantum entanglement, in the form of spin squeezing, is known to improve the sensitivity of atomic instruments to static or slowly-varying quantities. Sensing transient events presents a distinct challenge, requires different analysis…

Tracking of objects in cellular environments has become a vital tool in molecular cell biology. A particularly important example is single molecule tracking which enables the study of the motion of a molecule in cellular environments and…

Much of our mechanistic understanding of the functions of biological macromolecules is based on static structural experiments, which can be modelled either as single structures or conformational ensembles. While these provide us with…

Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) provides a simple method to determine individual nanoparticle size. However, because size quantification is based on the slowly converging statistical law of random event, its intrinsic error is large,…