Related papers: Effect of pooling samples on the efficiency of com…

In many real-world binary classification tasks (e.g. detection of certain objects from images), an available dataset is imbalanced, i.e., it has much less representatives of a one class (a minor class), than of another. Generally, accurate…

Molecular simulations and biophysical experiments can be used to provide independent and complementary insights into the molecular origin of biological processes. A particularly useful strategy is to use molecular simulations as a modelling…

We report on a series of experiments concerning the feasibility of example driven modelling. The main aim was to establish experimentally within an academic environment: the relationship between error and task complexity using a)…

While measurement advances now allow extensive surveys of gene activity (large numbers of genes across many samples), interpretation of these data is often confounded by noise -- expression counts can differ strongly across samples due to…

We consider the problem of testing whether two samples of contaminated data, possibly paired, are from the same distribution. Is is assumed that the contaminations are additive noises with known moments of all orders. The test statistic is…

We present an analysis of the variations seen in the dispersion measures (DMs) of 20 millisecond pulsars observed as part of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array project. We carry out a statistically rigorous structure function analysis for each…

In predictive tasks, real-world datasets often present different degrees of imbalanced (i.e., long-tailed or skewed) distributions. While the majority (the head) classes have sufficient samples, the minority (the tail) classes can be…

In one-stage or non-adaptive group testing, instead of testing every sample unit individually, they are split, bundled in pools, and simultaneously tested. The results are then decoded to infer the states of the individual items. This…

Phase II dose finding studies in clinical drug development are typically conducted to adequately characterize the dose response relationship of a new drug. An important decision is then on the choice of a suitable dose response function to…

Performing optimal Bayesian design for discriminating between competing models is computationally intensive as it involves estimating posterior model probabilities for thousands of simulated datasets. This issue is compounded further when…

Propensity Score Matching (PSM) stands as a widely embraced method in comparative effectiveness research. PSM crafts matched datasets, mimicking some attributes of randomized designs, from observational data. In a valid PSM design where all…

In cancer research, clustering techniques are widely used for exploratory analyses and dimensionality reduction, playing a critical role in the identification of novel cancer subtypes, often with direct implications for patient management.…

Sample overlap is a common issue in evidence synthesis in the field of medical research, particularly when integrating findings from observational studies utilizing existing databases such as registries. Due to the general inaccessibility…

Considerable interest has recently been focused on studying multiple phenotypes simultaneously in both epidemiological and genomic studies, either to capture the multidimensionality of complex disorders or to understand shared etiology of…

Using publicly available data to determine the performance of methodological contributions is important as it facilitates reproducibility and allows scrutiny of the published results. In lung nodule classification, for example, many works…

Most comparisons of treatments or doses against a control are performed by the original Dunnett single step procedure \cite{Dunnett1955} providing both adjusted p-values and simultaneous confidence intervals for differences to the control.…

A general method for obtaining highly efficient factorial designs of relatively small sizes is developed for cDNA microarray experiments. The method allows the main effects and interactions of successive orders to be of possibly unequal…

Mathematical methods together with measurements of single-cell dynamics provide unprecedented means to reconstruct intracellular processes that are only partly or indirectly accessible experimentally. To obtain reliable reconstructions the…

Group testing is utilized in the case when we want to find a few defectives among large amount of items. Testing n items one by one requires n tests, but if the ratio of defectives is small, group testing is an efficient way to reduce the…

Nonparametric two sample testing deals with the question of consistently deciding if two distributions are different, given samples from both, without making any parametric assumptions about the form of the distributions. The current…