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Vertex connectivity and edge connectivity are fundamental concepts in graph theory that have been widely studied from both structural and algorithmic perspectives. The focus of this paper is on computing these two parameters for graphs…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Therese Biedl , Prosenjit Bose , Karthik Murali

We introduce a new definition of nonpositive curvature in metric spaces and study its relationship to the existing notions of nonpositive curvature in comparison geometry. The main feature of our definition is that it applies to all metric…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-04-08 Miroslav Bačák , Bobo Hua , Jürgen Jost , Martin Kell , Armin Schikorra

In this article we show the duality between tensor networks and undirected graphical models with discrete variables. We study tensor networks on hypergraphs, which we call tensor hypernetworks. We show that the tensor hypernetwork on a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-05 Elina Robeva , Anna Seigal

We introduce a curvature function for planar graphs to study the connection between the curvature and the geometric and spectral properties of the graph. We show that non-positive curvature implies that the graph is infinite and locally…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-01-18 Matthias Keller

Binary relations are one of the standard ways to encode, characterise and reason about graphs. Relation algebras provide equational axioms for a large fragment of the calculus of binary relations. Although relations are standard tools in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Rudolf Berghammer , Hitoshi Furusawa , Walter Guttmann , Peter Höfner

We classify all cubic graphs with either non-negative Ollivier-Ricci curvature or non-negative Bakry-\'Emery curvature everywhere. We show in both curvature notions that the non-negatively curved graphs are the prism graphs and the M\"obius…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-26 David Cushing , Riikka Kangaslampi , Valtteri Lipiäinen , Shiping Liu , George William Stagg

Determining whether two graphs are structurally identical is a fundamental problem with applications spanning mathematics, computer science, chemistry, and network science. Despite decades of study, graph isomorphism remains a challenging…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Sara Najem , Amer E. Mouawad

We extend the equations of motion that describe non-relativistic elastic collision of two particles in one dimension to an arbitrary associative algebra. Relativistic elastic collision equations turn out to be a particular case of these…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2024-12-05 Pavlos Kassotakis , Theodoros Kouloukas , Maciej Nieszporski

Linear connections are introduced on a series of noncommutative geometries which have commutative limits. Quasicommutative corrections are calculated.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 J. Madore

A 3-dimensional graph-manifold is composed from simple blocks which are products of compact surfaces with boundary by the circle. Its global structure may be as complicated as one likes and is described by a graph which might be an…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sergei Buyalo

A degeneration of a smooth projective curve to a strongly stable curve gives rise to a specialization map from divisors on curves to divisors on graphs. In this paper we show that this specialization behaves well under the presence of real…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-05-20 Marc Coppens

We examine the fundamental question whether a random discrete structure with the minimal number of restrictions can converge to continuous metric space. We study the geometrical properties such as the dimensionality and the curvature…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-05-14 Ioannis Kleftogiannis , Ilias Amanatidis

A connected graph can be associated with two distinct evolution algebras. In the first case, the structural matrix is the adjacency matrix of the graph itself. In the second case, the structural matrix is the transition probabilities matrix…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-22 Paula Cadavid , Mary Luz Rodiño Montoya , Pablo M. Rodriguez , Sebastian J. Vidal

In this paper, we provide the notions of connection $1$-forms and curvature $2$-forms on graphs. We prove a Weitzenb\"ock formula for connection Laplacians in this setting. We also define a discrete Yang-Mills functional and study its…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-18 Shuhan Jiang

The "metric" structure of nonrelativistic spacetimes consists of a one-form (the absolute clock) whose kernel is endowed with a positive-definite metric. Contrarily to the relativistic case, the metric structure and the torsion do not…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-19 Xavier Bekaert , Kevin Morand

In the branch of mathematics known as graph theory, graphs are considered as a set of points, called vertices, with connections between these points, called edges. The purpose of this paper is to study mappings between two graphs that have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-19 Jeffrey Beyerl , Cameron Sharpe

We develop the notions of connections and curvature for general Lie-Rinehart algebras without using smoothness assumptions on the base space. We present situations when a connection exists. E.g., this is the case when the underlying module…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-11-28 Hans-Christian Herbig , William Osnayder Clavijo Esquivel

We continue our systematic development of noncommutative and nonassociative differential geometry internal to the representation category of a quasitriangular quasi-Hopf algebra. We describe derivations, differential operators, differential…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2016-05-03 Gwendolyn E. Barnes , Alexander Schenkel , Richard J. Szabo

A noncommutative algebra corresponding to the classical catenoid is introduced together with a differential calculus of derivations. We prove that there exists a unique metric and torsion-free connection that is compatible with the complex…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2018-02-14 Joakim Arnlind , Christoffer Holm

In this article we study the well-posedness (uniqueness and existence of solutions) of nonlinear elliptic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) on a finite graph. These results are obtained using the discrete comparison principle and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2013-03-01 Juan J. Manfredi , Adam M. Oberman , Alex P. Svirodov