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From the energy-momentum tensors of the electromagnetic field and the mechanical energy-momentum, the equations of energy conservation and balance of electromagnetic and mechanical forces are obtained. The equation for the Abraham force in…
The force density on matter and the kinetic energy-momentum tensor of the electromagnetic field in matter are obtained starting from Maxwell equations and Lorentz force at microscopic level and averaging over a small region of space-time.…
While the electromagnetic force is microscopically simply the Lorentz force, its macroscopic form is more complicated, and given by expressions such as the Maxwell stress tensor and the Kelvin force. Their derivation is fairly opaque, at…
By fixing a reference frame in spacetime, it is possible to split the Euler-Lagrange equations associated with a degenerate Lagrangian into purely evolutionary equations and constraints on the allowed Cauchy data with respect to the notion…
Gyrokinetic field theory is addressed in the context of a general Hamiltonian. The background magnetic geometry is static and axisymmetric, and all dependence of the Lagrangian upon dynamical variables is in the Hamiltonian or in free field…
That static electric and magnetic fields can store momentum may be perplexing, but is necessary to ensure total conservation of momentum. Simple situations in which such field momentum is transferred to nearby bodies and point charges have…
The classical theory of electrodynamics cannot explain the existence and structure of electric and magnetic dipoles, yet it incorporates such dipoles into its fundamental equations, simply by postulating their existence and properties, just…
In general coordinate invariant gravity theories whose Lagrangians contain arbitrarily high order derivative fields, the Noether currents for the global translation and for the Nakanishi's IOSp(8|8) choral symmetry containing the BRS…
We consider the Lagrangian density for a free Maxwell field, in which the electromagnetic field tensor minimally couples to the affine connection, in the Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble theory of gravity. We derive the formulae for the…
Our investigation of differential conservation laws in Lagrangian field theory is based on the first variational formula which provides the canonical decomposition of the Lie derivative of a Lagrangian density by a projectable vector field…
Nonlocal constants are functions that are constant along motion but whose value depends on the past history of the motion itself. They are a powerful tool to provide first integrals in classical mechanics and, in this respect, a new…
A connection between Maxwell's equations, Newton's laws, and the special theory of relativity is established with a derivation that begins with Newton's verbal enunciation of his first two laws. Derived equations are required to be…
A transparent linear magneto-dielectric material in free space that is illuminated by a finite quasimonochromatic field is a thermodynamically closed system, definitively, regardless of what field and material subsystems that one defines.…
A thoughtless treatment of Maxwell's equations can lead to the interpretation of the existence of a causal relationship between their different terms and, therefore, that an electric field that varies in time generates a magnetic one and…
Maxwell's macroscopic equations combined with a generalized form of the Lorentz law of force are a complete and consistent set of equations. Not only are these five equations fully compatible with special relativity, they also conform with…
Magnetically uncharged, magnetic linear response of the vacuum filled with arbitrarily combined constant electric and magnetic fields to an imposed static electric charge is found within general nonlinear electrodynamics. When the electric…
The source-free Maxwell action is invariant under electric-magnetic duality rotations in arbitrary spacetimes. This leads to a conserved classical Noether charge. We show that this conservation law is broken at the quantum level in presence…
In the purely affine formulation of gravity, the gravitational field is represented by the symmetric part of the Ricci tensor of the affine connection. The classical electromagnetic field can be represented in this formulation by the second…
In this paper we first show that any coupled system consisting of a gravitational plus a free electromagnetic field can be described geometrically in the sense that both Maxwell equations and Einstein equation having as source term the…
Maxwell's equations hold in inertial reference frames in uniform translational motion relative to one another. In conjunction with the Lorentz coordinate transformation equations, the transformation equations for the electric and magnetic…