Related papers: Dimensionality and Fractals
We consider the effect of various particles on the cosmic expansion rate relative to that of the graviton. Effectively massless fermions, gauge bosons and conformally coupled scalars make only minuscule contributions due to local conformal…
We discuss the definition and measurability questions of random fractals and find under certain conditions a formula for upper and lower Minkowski dimensions. For the case of a random self-similar set we obtain the packing dimension.
The cosmic web is one of the most complex systems in nature, consisting of galaxies and clusters of galaxies joined by filaments and walls, leaving large empty regions called cosmic voids. The most common method of describing the web is a…
We show that the dimension of spacetime becomes complex-valued when its short-scale geometry is invariant under a discrete scaling symmetry. This characteristic can generically arise in quantum gravities, for instance, in those based on…
The possibility of mass in the context of scale-invariant, generally covariant theories, is discussed. The realizations of scale invariance which are considered, are in the context of a gravitational theory where the action, in the first…
We explain how fractional spin and statistics are relevant to (super)strings in a three-dimensional (3D) Minkowski spacetime.
The change of the effective dimension of spacetime with the probed scale is a universal phenomenon shared by independent models of quantum gravity. Using tools of probability theory and multifractal geometry, we show how dimensional flow is…
Many natural systems show emergent phenomena at different scales, leading to scaling regimes with signatures of chaos at large scales and an apparently random behavior at small scales. These features are usually investigated quantitatively…
While numerous examples of fractal spaces may be found in various fields of science, the flow of time is typically assumed to be one-dimensional and smooth. Here we present a metamaterial-based physical system, which can be described by…
The implications of string theory for understanding the dimension of uncompactified spacetime are investigated. Using recent ideas in string cosmology, a new model is proposed to explain why three spatial dimensions grew large. Unlike the…
Models of structure formation in the universe postulate that matter distributions observed today in galaxy catalogs arise, through a complex non-linear dynamics, by gravitational evolution from a very uniform initial state. Dark matter…
We study here, from first principles, what properties of voids are to be expected in a fractal point distribution and how the void distribution is related to its morphology. We show this relation in various examples and apply our results to…
We consider scalar perturbations of energy--density for a class of cosmological models where an early phase of accelerated expansion evolves, without any fine--tuning for graceful exit, towards the standard Friedman eras of observed…
The analysis of images (of obtained in various ranges of the lengths of waves) of luminous objects in the Universe by means of a method of multilevel dynamic contrasting led author to the conclusions: a) the structures of all observable…
Assuming fractality of hadronic constituents, we introduce elements of special realization of the relativity principle applied to physical quantities expressed with respect to various fractal structures. The construction is inspired by the…
The method of four-dimensional Causal Dynamical Triangulations provides a background-independent definition of the sum over geometries in quantum gravity, in the presence of a positive cosmological constant. We present the evidence…
The formation length of particles produced in the relativistic collisions of hadrons and nuclei has relevance to fundamental principles of physics at small interaction distances. The relation is expressed by z scaling observed in the…
One possibility to explain the current accelerated expansion of the universe may be related with the presence of cosmologically evolving scalar whose mass depends on the local matter density (chameleon cosmology). We point out that matter…
How is the universe organized on large scales? How did this structure evolve from the unknown initial conditions to the present time? The answers to these questions will shed light on the cosmology we live in, the amount, composition and…
While the universe becomes more and more homogeneous at large scales, statistical analysis of galaxy catalogs have revealed a fractal structure at small-scales (\lambda < 100 h^{-1} Mpc), with a fractal dimension D=1.5-2 (Sylos Labini et al…