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When an electromagnetic field in a coherent or quasiclassical (e.g., squeezed) state is used to simultaneously drive an ensemble of two-level atoms, the quantum nature of the field will, in general, cause the final state of the atoms to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Hunter Lindemann , Shanon Vuglar , Julio Gea-Banacloche

Quantum entanglement is one of the most intriguing phenomena in physics, but many presentations of the subject leave a false impression that it provides a sort of "remote control" for changing the state of a distant particle by local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-31 Chad Orzel

The black hole information paradox forces us into a strange situation: we must find a way to break the semiclassical approximation in a domain where no quantum gravity effects would normally be expected. Traditional quantizations of gravity…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-05 Samir D. Mathur

A program was recently initiated to bridge the gap between the Planck scale physics described by loop quantum gravity and the familiar low energy world. We illustrate the conceptual problems and their solutions through a toy model: quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-23 Abhay Ashtekar , Stephen Fairhurst , Joshua L. Willis

Getting the mathematical rules for quantised black holes correctly is far from straightforward. Many earlier treatises got it not quite correctly. The general relativistic transformation linking the distant observer (who only detects…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-28 Gerard t Hooft

Along with weaving together observations, experiments, and theoretical constructs into a coherent mesh of understanding of the world around us, physics over its past five centuries has continuously refined the base concepts on which the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 A. R. P. Rau

Quantum theory reveals astonishing and counterintuitive phenomena not found in classical physics, such as wave-particle duality, where entities like electrons and photons exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behaviors. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-03 Daegene Song

In standard (mathematical) billiards a point particle moves uniformly in a billiard table with elastic reflections off the boundary. We show that in transition from mathematical billiards to physical billiards, where a finite size hard…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-10-23 L. A. Bunimovich

We revisit the concept of particles as it is used in special relativity. The presented model treats the energy-momentum relation of relativistic particles as the upper branch of a generalized energy-momentum relation of quasi particles.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-28 Fritz Riehle , Sebastian Ulbricht

For undergraduate students newly introduced to quantum mechanics, solving simple Schr\"{o}dinger equations is relatively straightforward. However, the more profound challenge lies in comprehending the underlying physical principles embedded…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-09-03 Huiping Han , Liang Wu

We propose ten puzzles in particle theory: quark, asymmetries of quantum numbers in the Standard Model, point particle and interaction-distance, mystic Higgs mechanism, possible violation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle and some basic…

General Physics · Physics 2009-08-06 Yi-Fang Chang

Relativistic quantum mechanics can be considered to have begun with a search for wave equations corresponding to each intrinsic spin. However, relativistic quantum physics differs fundamentally from the non-relativistic wave mechanics. It…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Urjit A. Yajnik

Quantum mechanics can seem like a departure from everyday experience of the physical world, but constructivist theories assert that learners build new ideas from their existing ones. To explore how students can navigate this tension, we…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-07-03 Benjamin W. Dreyfus , Erin Ronayne Sohr , Ayush Gupta , Andrew Elby

In this paper the currently held view that the endpoint of gravitational collapse is a singularity is refuted. A quantum mechanical calculation is done showing that spin 0 and spin 1/2 particles inside a black hole's schwarzschild radius…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Julian B. Wilson

Studies of quantum fields and gravity suggest the existence of a minimal length, such as Planck length \cite{Floratos,Kempf}. It is natural to ask how the existence of a minimal length may modify the results in elementary quantum mechanics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Manjit Bhatia , P. Narayana Swamy

The present paper is based upon equations obtained in an earlier paper by the author devoted to a new formulation of quantum electrodynamics. The equations describe the structure of the electron as well as its motion in external fields,…

General Physics · Physics 2016-10-05 V. A. Golovko

The coherent process of particle deflection by aligned atomic strings and planes of oriented crystals is accompanied by incoherent scattering by atomic cores. While the coherent particle deflection, described by the axial or planar averaged…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2020-04-14 Victor V. Tikhomirov

We discuss the existence and stability of circular orbits of a relativistic point particle moving in a central force field. The stability condition is somewhat more restrictive in Special Relativity. In the particular case of attractive…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-08-16 J M Aguirregabiria , A Hernández , M Rivas

In this work we show that a relativistic spinning particle can be described at the classical and the quantum level as being composed of two physical constituents which are entangled and separated by a fixed distance. This bilocal model for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-05-17 Trevor Rempel , Laurent Freidel

The Mathisson-Papapetrou equations in Kerr's background are considered. The region of existence of highly relativistic planar circular orbits of a spinning particle in this background and dependence of the particle's Lorentz $\gamma$-factor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-15 Roman Plyatsko , Mykola Fenyk