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We consider the optical theorem for scattering of electromagnetic waves in nonlinear media. This result is used to obtain the power extinguished from a field by a nonlinear scatterer. The cases of second harmonic generation and the Kerr…

Optics · Physics 2015-07-01 Wei Li , John C. Schotland

Second harmonic generation is a powerful tool directly connected to the symmetry of materials. Phase transitions, lattice rotations or electromagnetic coupling in multiferroic compounds can be revealed by using second harmonic…

Optics · Physics 2010-01-11 Pablo Molina , Mariola O Ramirez , Basilio J. Garcia , Luisa E. Bausa

Why do we need quantization to describe vision? What are the quadrature operators of the electromagnetic field? Is it possible to measure them? What are the characteristic functions useful for? In this brief tutorial we provide the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-08 Stefano Olivares

Arbitrarily small changes in the commutation relations suffice to transform the usual singular quantum theories into regular quantum theories. This process is an extension of canonical quantization that we call general quantization. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mohsen Shiri-Garakani , David Ritz Finkelstein

The Heisenberg-Euler theory of the quantum vacuum supplements Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism with nonlinear light-light interactions. These originate in vacuum fluctuations, a key prediction of quantum theory, and can be triggered by…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-09-28 Andreas Lindner , Baris Ölmez , Hartmut Ruhl

The Kramers' theory of activated processes is generalized for nonequilibrium open one-dimensional systems. We consider both the internal noise due to thermal bath and the external noise which are stationary, Gaussian and are characterized…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Suman Kumar Banik , Jyotipratim Ray Chaudhuri , Deb Shankar Ray

We generalize the oscillator model of a particle interacting with a thermal reservoir by introducing arbitrary nonlinear couplings in the particle coordinates.The equilibrium positions of the heat bath oscillators are promoted to space-time…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 F. Illuminati , M. Patriarca , P. Sodano

Optical nonlinearities of matter are often associated with the response of individual atoms. Here, using a toy oscillator model, we show that in the confined geometry of a two-dimensional dielectric nanoparticle a collective nonlinear…

Optics · Physics 2022-01-05 Jie Xu , Vassili Savinov , Eric Plum

This paper considers generalized linear models using rule-based features, also referred to as rule ensembles, for regression and probabilistic classification. Rules facilitate model interpretation while also capturing nonlinear dependences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Dennis Wei , Sanjeeb Dash , Tian Gao , Oktay Günlük

We show how to construct general probabilistic theories that contain an energy observable dependent on position and momentum. The construction is in accordance with classical and quantum theory and allows for physical predictions, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-26 Martin Plávala , Matthias Kleinmann

Current studies about the continuous-variable systems in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics heavily revolved around the singularities in the eigenspectrum by mimicking their discrete-variable counterparts. Discussions over the nonunitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Zhu-yao Jin , Jun Jing

It has been observed that an interesting class of non-Gaussian stationary processes is obtained when in the harmonics of a signal with random amplitudes and phases, frequencies can also vary randomly. In the resulting models, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-19 Anastassia Baxevani , Krzysztof Podgórski

The center of mass motion of trapped ions and neutral atoms is suitable for approximation by a time-dependent driven quantum harmonic oscillator whose frequency and driving strength may be controlled with high precision. We show the time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-25 E. García Herrera , F. Torres-Leal , B. M. Rodríguez-Lara

It is shown that a canonical time observable may be defined for any quantum system having a discrete set of energy eigenvalues, thus significantly generalising the known case of time observables for periodic quantum systems (such as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-23 Michael J. W. Hall

Nonlinear optical generation has been a well-established way to realize frequency conversion in nonlinear optics, whereas previous studies were just focusing on the scalar light fields. Here we report a concise yet efficient experiment to…

Optics · Physics 2018-11-20 Li Zhang , Fei Lin , Xiaodong Qiu , Lixiang Chen

A general theory of inhomogeneous broadening is rarely applied to nonlinear spectroscopy in lieu of either a simple Lorentzian or Gaussian model. In this work, we generalize all the important third-order nonlinear susceptibility expressions…

Optics · Physics 2008-02-26 Robert J. Kruhlak , Mark G. Kuzyk

We consider countable system of harmonic oscillators on the real line with quadratic interaction potential with finite support and local external force (stationary stochastic process) acting only on one fixed particle. In the case of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-09-07 Alexandr Lykov , Margarita Melikian

All quantum field theories that describe interacting bosonic elementary particles, share the feature that the zeroth order perturbation expansion describes non-interacting harmonic oscillators. This is explained in the paper. We then…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-18 Gerard t Hooft

We develop a linear response theory by computing the asymptotic value of the order parameter from the linearized equation of continuity around the nonsynchronized reference state using the Laplace transform in time. The proposed theory is…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-01-09 Yu Terada , Yoshiyuki Y Yamaguchi

Complete characterization of a multimode optical process has paved the way for understanding complex optical phenomena, leading to the development of novel optical technologies. Until now, however, characterizations have mainly focused on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Geunhee Gwak , Chan Roh , Young-Do Yoon , M. S. Kim , Young-Sik Ra