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We discuss a generalization of Clifford algebras known as generalized Clifford algebras (in particular, ternary Clifford algebras). In these objects, we have a fixed higher-degree form (in particular, a ternary form) instead of a quadratic…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 D. S. Shirokov

The Clifford algebra of a n-dimensional Euclidean vector space provides a general language comprising vectors, complex numbers, quaternions, Grassman algebra, Pauli and Dirac matrices. In this work, we present an introduction to the main…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-01-23 G. Aragon-Camarasa , G. Aragon-Gonzalez , J. L. Aragon , M. A. Rodriguez-Andrade

A general notion of algebraic conditional plausibility measures is defined. Probability measures, ranking functions, possibility measures, and (under the appropriate definitions) sets of probability measures can all be viewed as defining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Joseph Y. Halpern

This contribution derives from a rather extensive study on the foundations of probability. We start by discussing critically the two main models of the random event in Probability Theroy and cast light over a number of incongruities. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Paolo Rocchi , Leonida Gianfagna

Counterfactuals are central in causal human reasoning and the scientific discovery process. The uplift, also called conditional average treatment effect, measures the causal effect of some action, or treatment, on the outcome of an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Théo Verhelst , Denis Mercier , Jeevan Shrestha , Gianluca Bontempi

In this paper, we define and study Clifford quadratic complete intersections. After showing some properties of Clifford quantum polynomial algebras, we show that there is a natural one-to-one correspondence between Clifford quadratic…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-10-17 Haigang Hu , Izuru Mori

In this paper, we revisit the notion of partial copula, originally introduced to test conditional independence, highlighting its capability to represent the dependence between two random variables after removing their dependence with a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-26 Vinícius Litvinoff Justus , Felipe Fontana Vieira

We give a first-order definition of key polynomials, we show the links with previous definitions, that it is relevant to study key degrees, and to use a kind of valuations that we call partially multiplicative. We also prove or reprove…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2022-05-19 Gérard Leloup

We introduce the Clifford entropy, a measure of how close an arbitrary unitary is to a Clifford unitary, which generalizes the stabilizer entropy for states. We show that this quantity vanishes if and only if a unitary is Clifford, is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Gianluca Cuffaro , Matthew B. Weiss

We develop a general theory of Clifford algebras for finite morphisms of schemes and describe applications to the theory of Ulrich bundles and connections to period-index problems for curves of genus 1.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Daniel Krashen , Max Lieblich

Real Clifford algebras for arbitrary number of space and time dimensions as well as their representations in terms of spinors are reviewed and discussed. The Clifford algebras are classified in terms of isomorphic matrix algebras of real,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-08-07 Stefan Floerchinger

The paper is a brief informal introduction to C*-algebraic foundations of causal contextual subquantum theories. In particular, it is explained how the contextuality property (which is a necessary consistency condition of all causal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Micho Durdevich

We examine a new approach to modeling uncertainty based on plausibility measures, where a plausibility measure just associates with an event its plausibility, an element is some partially ordered set. This approach is easily seen to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Nir Friedman , Joseph Y. Halpern

Let $G$ be a finite group, $N$ a normal subgroup of $G$, and $k$ a field of characteristic $p>0$. In this paper, we formulate the brick version of Clifford's theorem under suitable assumptions and prove it by using the theory of wide…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-13 Yuta Kozakai , Arashi Sakai

We extend constructions of classical Clifford analysis to the case of indefinite non-degenerate quadratic forms. We define (p,q)-left- and right-monogenic functions by means of Dirac operators that factor a certain wave operator. We prove…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2020-11-18 Matvei Libine , Ely Sandine

The aim of this article is to establish basic results in a conditional measure theory. The results are applied to prove that arbitrary kernels and conditional distributions are represented by measures in a conditional set theory. In…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-03-21 Asgar Jamneshan , Michael Kupper , Martin Streckfuß

A set of valuable universal similarity factorization equalities is established over complex Clifford algebras $\Cn.$ Through them matrix representations of complex Clifford algebras $\Cn$ can directly be derived, and their properties can…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yongge Tian

A general notion of algebraic conditional plausibility measures is defined. Probability measures, ranking functions, possibility measures, and (under the appropriate definitions) sets of probability measures can all be viewed as defining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-16 Joseph Y. Halpern

Positively graded algebras are fairly natural objects which are arduous to be studied. In this article we query quotients of non-standard graded polynomial rings with combinatorial and commutative algebra methods.

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 G. Dalzotto , E. Sbarra

For some monoids, we give a method of composing invertibility preserving maps associated to "partial involutions." Also, we define the notion of "determinants for finite dimensional algebras over a field." As examples, we give invertibility…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-03-03 Naoya Yamaguchi , Yuka Yamaguchi