Related papers: On quantization of mass and electrical charge

The notion that the electromagnetic field is quantised is usually inferred from observations such as the photoelectric effect and the black-body spectrum. However accounts of the quantisation of this field are usually mathematically…

Any metric theory of gravity whose interaction with quantum particles is described by a covariant wave equation is equivalent to a vector theory that satisfies Maxwell-type equations identically. This result does not depend on any…

According to a prevailing opinion, the electron g-factor ge = 2 is exclusively a quantum feature. Here we demonstrate it could be explained classically only in relativistic terms. The electron is treated as an extended, continuous, but…

We will provide detailed arguments showing that the set of Maxwell equations, and the corresponding wave equations, do not properly describe the evolution of electromagnetic wave-fronts. We propose a nonlinear corrected version that is…

The form of Maxwell's theory is well known in the framework of general relativity, a fact that is related to the applicability of the principle of equivalence to electromagnetic phenomena. We pose the question whether this form changes if…

In this and companion papers, we show that quantum field theories with gauge symmetries permit a broader class of classical dynamics than typically assumed. In this article, we show that the quantization of electromagnetism permits the…

A general theory of electric charge is proposed. It is based on two phenomenologies. Electric charge mutation and conservation law. Three charges $\{ +, - ,0\}$ transformations physics succeeds. Quantum field theory underlies corresponding…

Maxwell's equations describe the relation of charge and electric force almost perfectly even though electrons and permanent charge were not in his equations, as he wrote them. For Maxwell, all charge depended on electric field. Charge was…

Mobile charge in an electrolytic solution can in principle be represented as the divergence of ionic polarization. After adding explicit solvent polarization a finite volume of electrolyte can then be treated as a composite non-uniform…

Charge, like mass in Newtonian mechanics, is an irreducible element of electromagnetic theory that must be introduced ab initio. Its origin is not properly a part of the theory. Fields are then defined in terms of forces on either…

Coupling the Maxwell tensor to the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor is shown to lead to a geometricized theory of electrodynamics. While this geometricized theory leads directly to the classical Maxwell equations, it also extends their…

We model a compact relativistic body with anisotropic pressures in the presence of an electric field. The equation of state is barotropic with a linear relationship between the radial pressure and the energy density. Simple exact models of…

We revisit the relativistic coupling between gravity and electromagnetism, putting particularly into question the status of the latter; whether it behaves as a source or as a form of gravity on large scales. Considering a metric-affine…

Relativistic dynamics of distributed mass and charge densities of the extended classical particle is discussed for arbitrary gravitational and electromagnetic fields. Vector geodesic relations for material space densities are consequences…

The Cartesian material space approach to Maxwell's equations reveals the analytical solution of the continuous radial density for the extended elementary charge. Radial charges and their Coulomb fields carry equal passive and active…

Out of the four components of the electromagnetic field, Maxwell's theory only contains two physical degrees of freedom. However, in an expanding universe, consistently eliminating one of the "unphysical" states in the covariant…

Stationary circularly symmetric solutions of General Relativity with negative cosmological constant coupled to the Maxwell field are analyzed in three spacetime dimensions. Taking into account that the fall-off of the fields is slower than…

The force density on matter and the kinetic energy-momentum tensor of the electromagnetic field in matter are obtained starting from Maxwell equations and Lorentz force at microscopic level and averaging over a small region of space-time.…

The electromagnetic fields in Maxwell's theory satisfy linear equations in the classical vacuum. This is modified in classical non-linear electrodynamic theories. To date there has been little experimental evidence that any of these…

We consider the Einstein equation, where the common electromagnetic energy momentum tensor is replaced by its generalized equivalent as suggested in our earlier paper (A.L. Kholmetskii et al. Phys. Scr. 83, 055406 (2011)). Now we show that…