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Averaging in general relativity is a complicated operation, due to the general covariance of the theory and the non-linearity of Einstein's equations. The latter of these ensures that smoothing spacetime over cosmological scales does not…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Chris Clarkson , Timothy Clifton , Alan Coley , Rockhee Sung

When joined the unified gauge picture of fundamental interactions, the gravitation theory leads to geometry of a space-time which is far from simplicity of pseudo-Riemannian geometry of Einstein's General Relativity. This is geometry of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Sardanashvily

In this work, Einstein's view of geometry as physical geometry is taken into account in the analysis of diverse issues related to the notions of inertial motion and inertial reference frame. Einstein's physical geometry enables a…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2014-04-29 Mario Bacelar Valente

We study gravitational theory in 1+2 spacetime dimensions which is determined by the Lagrangian constructed as a sum of the Einstein-Hilbert term plus the two (translational and rotational) gravitational Chern-Simons terms. When the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Yuri N. Obukhov

We review the foundations of Einstein's general theory of relativity, discuss recent progress in the tests of relativistic gravity, and present motivations for new generation of high-accuracy gravitational experiments. We discuss the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-03-12 Slava G. Turyshev

A discursive, non-technical, analysis is made of some of the basic issues that arise in almost any approach to quantum gravity, and of how these issues stand in relation to recent developments in the field. Specific topics include the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Chris Isham

It is believed that soon after the Planck time, Einstein's general relativity theory should be corrected to an effective quadratic theory. Numerical solutions for the anisotropic generalization of the Friedmann "open" model $H^ 3$ for this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-04-11 Juliano A. de Deus , Daniel Müller

The equations of Hamiltonian gravity are often considered ugly cousins of the elegant and manifestly covariant versions found in the Lagrangian theory. However, both formulations are fundamental in their own rights because they make…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-27 Martin Bojowald

This thesis is devoted to the study of gravitational theories which can be seen as modifications or generalisations of General Relativity. The motivation for considering such theories, stemming from Cosmology, High Energy Physics and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-11-10 Thomas P. Sotiriou

General relativity is highly successful in explaining a wide range of gravitational phenomena including the gravitational waves emitted by binary systems and the shadows cast by supermassive black holes. From a modern perspective the theory…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-26 Jesse Daas , Cristobal Laporte , Frank Saueressig , Tim van Dijk

When constructing general relativity (GR), Einstein required 4D general covariance. In contrast, we derive GR (in the compact, without boundary case) as a theory of evolving 3-dimensional conformal Riemannian geometries obtained by imposing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-16 Edward Anderson , Julian Barbour , Brendan Z. Foster , Bryan Kelleher , Niall Ó Murchadha

Quantum gravity places entirely new challenges on the formulation of a consistent theory as well as on an extraction of potentially observable effects. Quantum corrections due to the gravitational field are commonly expected to be tiny…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Martin Bojowald

We show that the Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble theory of gravity with torsion not only extends general relativity to account for the intrinsic spin of matter, but it may also eliminate major problems in gravitational physics and answer…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-10-25 Nikodem J. Poplawski

We describe a class of modified gravity theories that deform general relativity in a way that breaks time reversal invariance and, very mildly, locality. The algebra of constraints, local physical degrees of freedom, and their linearized…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-08-12 Marina Cortes , Henrique Gomes , Lee Smolin

Einstein gravitation theory can be extended by preserving its geometrical nature but changing the relation between curvature and energy-momentum tensors. This change accounts for radiative corrections, replacing the Newton gravitation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Marc-Thierry Jaekel , Serge Reynaud

The accelerating expansion of the Universe poses a major challenge to our understanding of fundamental physics. One promising avenue is to modify general relativity and obtain a new description of the gravitational force. Because…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-08-28 Adam R. Solomon

Einstein's general theory of relativity is the standard theory of gravity, especially where the needs of astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics are concerned. As such, this theory is used for many practical purposes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-17 Slava G. Turyshev

We first see that the inertia of Newtonian mechanics is absolute and troublesome. General relativity can be viewed as Einstein's attempt to remedy, by making inertia relative, to matter---perhaps imperfectly though, as at least a couple of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-11-06 Alexander Afriat , Ermenegildo Caccese

This review presents a comprehensive overview of Myrzakulov gravity, highlighting key developments and significant results shaping the theory. It examines the foundational principles, field equations, and the role of non-metricity and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-04 Davood Momeni , Ratbay Myrzakulov

Horava and Melby-Thompson recently proposed a new version of the Horava-Lifshitz theory of gravity, in which the spin-0 graviton is eliminated by introducing a Newtonian pre-potential $\phi$ and a local U(1) gauge field $A$. In this paper,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-02-23 Anzhong Wang , Yumei Wu