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We consider the metrics of the General Relativity, whose energy-momentum tensor has a bounded support where it is continuous except for a finite step across the corresponding boundary surface. As a consequence, the first derivative of the…
This paper investigates functional equations arising from perturbations of Cauchy differences. We study equations of the form \[ f(x+y)-f(x)-f(y)=B(x,y) \quad \text{or} \quad f(xy)-f(x)f(y) = B(x,y) \] where $B$ is a biadditive mapping, and…
In a Lorentzian spacetime there exists a smooth regular line element field $(\bm{X},-\bm{X}) $ and a unit vector $ \bm{u} $ collinear with one of the pair of vectors in the line element field. An orthogonal decomposition of symmetric…
The method of parameter variation for linear differential equations is extended to classes of second order nonlinear differential equations. This allows to reduce the latter to first order differential equations. Known classical equations…
We prove several inequalities between the curvature invariants, which impose constraints on curvature singularities. Some of the inequalities hold for a family of spacetimes which include static, Friedmann--Lema\^itre--Robertson--Walker,…
In Einstein's general relativity, with its nonlinear field equations, the discoveries and analyzes of various specific explicit solutions made a great impact on understanding many of the unforeseen features of the theory. Some solutions…
We consider $f(R)$ gravity and Born-Infeld-Einstein (BIE) gravity in formulations where the metric and connection are treated independently and integrate out the metric to find the corresponding models solely in terms of the connection, the…
The Newtonian limit of the most general fourth order gravity is performed with metric approach in the Jordan frame with no gauge condition. The most general theory with fourth order differential equations is obtained by generalizing the…
A formulation of Einstein's gravitational field equations in four space-time dimensions is presented using generalized differential forms and Cartan's equations for metric geometries. Cartan's structure equations are extended by using…
Let $a\in (0, \infty)$, $\gamma(a)$ be the Generalized Euler-Mascheroni Constant, and let \begin{align*} &x_n=\frac1a+\frac{1}{a+1}+\cdots+\frac{1}{a+n-1}-\ln\frac{a+n}{a},\\…
We give an alternative description of the physical content of general relativity that does not require a Lorentz invariant spacetime. Instead, we find that gravity admits a dual description in terms of a theory where local size is…
We consider fractional differential equations of order $\alpha \in (0,1)$ for functions of one independent variable $t\in (0,\infty)$ with the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo-Dzhrbashyan fractional derivatives. A precise estimate for the order…
We generalize the scale invariant gravity by allowing a negative kinetic energy term for the classical scalar field. This gives birth to a new scalar-tensor theory of gravity, in which the scalar field is in fact an auxiliary field. For a…
We study a theory of gravity of the form $f(\mathcal{G})$ where $\mathcal{G}$ is the Gauss-Bonnet topological invariant without considering the standard Einstein-Hilbert term as common in the literature, in arbitrary $(d+1)$ dimensions. The…
In this manuscript, a conformally invariant theory of gravitation in the context of metric measure space is studied. The proposed action is invariant under both diffeomorphism and conformal transformations. Using the variational method, a…
With Einstein's inertial motion (free-falling and non-rotating relative to gyroscopes), geodesics for non-relativistic particles can intersect repeatedly, allowing one to compute the space-time curvature $R^{\hat{0} \hat{0}}$ exactly.…
The question of general covariance in quantum gravity is considered in the first post-Newtonian approximation. Transformation properties of observable quantities under deformations of a reference frame, induced by variations of the gauge…
We show that the relativistic effects are negligibly small in the non-linear density and velocity bispectra. Although the non-linearities of Einstein equation introduce additional non-linear terms to the Newtonian fluid equations, the…
The Einstein equations are non-linear and the particles of which the gravitational effect is described by these equations are lastly unknown. If renormalizable fields are assumed, then results are obtained only in the case of a at space.…
As a first step towards a theory of differential equations involving para-Grassmann variables the linear equations with constant coefficients are discussed and solutions for equations of low order are given explicitly. A connection to…