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When a proposition has no proof in an inference system, it is sometimes useful to build a counter-proof explaining, step by step, the reason of this non-provability. In general, this counter-proof is a (possibly) infinite co-inductive proof…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Gilles Dowek , Ying Jiang

We present the model theoretic concepts that allow mathematics to be developed with the notion of the potential infinite instead of the actual infinite. The potential infinite is understood as a dynamic notion, being an indefinitely…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-12-16 Matthias Eberl

When prior information is lacking, the go-to strategy for probabilistic inference is to combine a "default prior" and the likelihood via Bayes's theorem. Objective Bayes, (generalized) fiducial inference, etc. fall under this umbrella. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-05 Ryan Martin

The implication problem for the class of embedded dependencies is undecidable. However, this does not imply lackness of a proof procedure as exemplified by the chase algorithm. In this paper we present a complete axiomatization of embedded…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-03 Miika Hannula

This paper presents a soundness and completeness proof for propositional intuitionistic calculus with respect to the semantics of computability logic. The latter interprets formulas as interactive computational problems, formalized as games…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-04-15 Giorgi Japaridze

Bayesian inference provides a rigorous framework to encapsulate our knowledge and uncertainty regarding various physical quantities in a well-defined and self-contained manner. Utilising modern tools, such Bayesian models can be constructed…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2024-01-02 Julien Frison

We give an extension of de Finetti's concept of coherence to unbounded (but real-valued) random variables that allows for gambling in the presence of infinite previsions. We present a finitely additive extension of the Daniell integral to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-09-02 Mark J. Schervish , Teddy Seidenfeld , Joseph B. Kadane

The Bayesian approach to data analysis provides a powerful way to handle uncertainty in all observations, model parameters, and model structure using probability theory. Probabilistic programming languages make it easier to specify and fit…

Lagrangian duality underlies both classical and modern mechanism design. In particular, the dual perspective often permits simple and detail-free characterizations of optimal and approximately optimal mechanisms. This paper applies this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Shaddin Dughmi , Rad Niazadeh , Alexandros Psomas , S. Matthew Weinberg

We give a probabilistic analysis of inductive knowledge and belief and explore its predictions concerning knowledge about the future, about laws of nature, and about the values of inexactly measured quantities. The analysis combines a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Jeremy Goodman , Bernhard Salow

In this second article, we show a simple use of the Ignorance as defined in "Jaynes & Shannon's Constrained Ignorance and Surprise". By giving an example about the journey of a person, we believe to show some simple, obvious but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Cailleteau Thomas

Probability theory as extended logic is completed such that essentially any probability may be determined. This is done by considering propositional logic (as opposed to predicate logic) as syntactically suffcient and imposing a symmetry…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-08-12 Cael L. Hasse

This paper examines some methods and ideas underlying the author's successful probabilistic learning systems(PLS), which have proven uniquely effective and efficient in generalization learning or induction. While the emerging principles are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-15 Larry Rendell

Bayesian inference gets its name from *Bayes's theorem*, expressing posterior probabilities for hypotheses about a data generating process as the (normalized) product of prior probabilities and a likelihood function. But Bayesian inference…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-02 Thomas J. Loredo , Robert L. Wolpert

In this paper we develop the alternative path-integral approach to quantum mechanics. We present a resolvent of a Hamiltonian (which is Laplace transform of a evolution operator) in a form which has a sense of ``the sum over paths'' but it…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-29 P. Putrov

Conditioning is a key feature in probabilistic programming to enable modeling the influence of data (also known as observations) to the probability distribution described by such programs. Determining the posterior distribution is also…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Christina Gehnen , Dominique Unruh , Joost-Pieter Katoen

In natural-language discourse, related events tend to appear near each other to describe a larger scenario. Such structures can be formalized by the notion of a frame (a.k.a. template), which comprises a set of related events and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Jackie Chi Kit Cheung , Hoifung Poon , Lucy Vanderwende

(l) I have enough evidence to render the sentence S probable. (la) So, relative to what I know, it is rational of me to believe S. (2) Now that I have more evidence, S may no longer be probable. (2a) So now, relative to what I know, it is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-26 Henry E. Kyburg

A lattice-theoretic framework is introduced that permits the study of the conditional independence (CI) implication problem relative to the class of discrete probability measures. Semi-lattices are associated with CI statements and a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Mathias Niepert , Dirk Van Gucht , Marc Gyssens

A lattice-theoretic framework is introduced that permits the study of the conditional independence (CI) implication problem relative to the class of discrete probability measures. Semi-lattices are associated with CI statements and a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-11-03 Mathias Niepert , Dirk Van Gucht , Marc Gyssens