Related papers: Modular networks emerge from multiconstraint optim…

We introduce a network growth model based on complete redirection: a new node randomly selects an existing target node, but attaches to a random neighbor of this target. For undirected networks, this simple growth rule generates unusual,…

Generally, networks are classified into two sides of inequality and equality with respect to the number of links at nodes by the types of degree distributions. One side includes many social, technological, and biological networks which…

We examine the global organization of heterogeneous equilibrium networks consisting of a number of well distinguished interconnected parts--``communities'' or modules. We develop an analytical approach allowing us to obtain the statistics…

The relationship between network topology and system dynamics has significant implications for unifying our understanding of the interplay among metabolic, gene-regulatory, and ecosystem network architecures. Here we analyze the stability…

A generalization of modularity, called block modularity, is defined. This is a quality function which evaluates a label assignment against an arbitrary block pattern. Therefore, unlike standard modularity or its variants, arbitrary network…

Complex systems are successfully reduced to interacting elements via the network concept. Transport plays a key role in the survival of networks. For example the specialized signaling cascades of cellular networks filter noise and…

The mechanisms by which modularity emerges in complex networks are not well understood but recent reports have suggested that modularity may arise from evolutionary selection. We show that finding the modularity of a network is analogous to…

Much effort has gone into understanding the modular nature of complex networks. Communities, also known as clusters or modules, are typically considered to be densely interconnected groups of nodes that are only sparsely connected to other…

Structural modularity is a pervasive feature of biological neural networks, which have been linked to several functional and computational advantages. Yet, the use of modular architectures in artificial neural networks has been relatively…

Inspired from human cognition, machine learning systems are gradually revealing advantages of sparser and more modular architectures. Recent work demonstrates that not only do some modular architectures generalize well, but they also lead…

We investigate to what extent the degree sequence of a directed network constrains the number of driver nodes. We develop a pair of algorithms that take a directed degree sequence as input and aim to output a network with the maximum or…

An important feature of many complex systems, both natural and artificial, is the structure and organization of their interaction networks with interesting properties. Here we present a theory of self-organization by evolutionary adaptation…

Networks with a given degree distribution may be very resilient to one type of failure or attack but not to another. The goal of this work is to determine network design guidelines which maximize the robustness of networks to both random…

Real-world networks such as the Internet and WWW have many common traits. Until now, hundreds of models were proposed to characterize these traits for understanding the networks. Because different models used very different mechanisms, it…

Interactions between units in phyical, biological, technological, and social systems usually give rise to intrincate networks with non-trivial structure, which critically affects the dynamics and properties of the system. The focus of most…

The structure of networks that provide optimal transport properties has been investigated in a variety of contexts. While many different formulations of this problem have been considered, it is recurrently found that optimal networks are…

Many infrastructure networks have a modular structure and are also interdependent. While significant research has explored the resilience of interdependent networks, there has been no analysis of the effects of modularity. Here we develop a…

The presence of hierarchy in many real-world networks is not yet fully explained. Complex interaction networks are often coarse-grain models of vast modular networks, where tightly connected subgraphs are agglomerated into nodes for…

The ubiquity of modular structure in real-world complex networks is being the focus of attention in many trials to understand the interplay between network topology and functionality. The best approaches to the identification of modular…

A typical complex system should be described by a supernetwork or a network of networks, in which the networks are coupled to some other networks. As the first step to understanding the complex systems on such more systematic level,…