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The modularity of a network quantifies the extent, relative to a null model network, to which vertices cluster into community groups. We define a null model appropriate for bipartite networks, and use it to define a bipartite modularity.…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-12-12 Michael J. Barber

Most methods proposed to uncover communities in complex networks rely on combinatorial graph properties. Usually an edge-counting quality function, such as modularity, is optimized over all partitions of the graph compared against a null…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-02-17 Renaud Lambiotte , Jean-Charles Delvenne , Mauricio Barahona

Designing networks with specified collective properties is useful in a variety of application areas, enabling the study of how given properties affect the behavior of network models, the downscaling of empirical networks to workable sizes,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-06-20 Chrysanthos E. Gounaris , Karthikeyan Rajendran , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis , Christodoulos A. Floudas

Networks are models representing relationships between entities. Often these relationships are explicitly given, or we must learn a representation which generalizes and predicts observed behavior in underlying individual data (e.g.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-09-19 Ivan Brugere , Chris Kanich , Tanya Y. Berger-Wolf

Many bipartite networks exhibit hierarchical community structure, but existing community detection methods are not well-suited for detecting hierarchy. They also do not effectively handle weighted bipartite networks. In this work, we…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Tania Ghosh , Kevin E. Bassler

We consider two new problems regarding the impact of edge addition or removal on the modularity of partitions (or community structures) in a network. The first problem seeks to add edges to enforce that a desired partition is the partition…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Daniel Kosmas , John E. Mitchell , Thomas C. Sharkey , Boleslaw K. Szymanski

Here we propose a new method to compare the modular structure of a pair of node-aligned networks. The majority of current methods, such as normalized mutual information, compare two node partitions derived from a community detection…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-10-14 Daniel Straulino , Mattie Landman , Neave O'Clery

Visualization of the adjacency matrix enables us to capture macroscopic features of a network when the matrix elements are aligned properly. Community structure, a network consisting of several densely connected components, is a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-07-11 Masaki Ochi , Tatsuro Kawamoto

Community detection, as well as the identification of other structures like core periphery and disassortative patterns, is an important topic in network analysis. While most methods seek to find the best partition of the network according…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Rudy Arthur

Community structure represents the local organization of complex networks and the single most important feature to extract functional relationships between nodes. In the last years, the problem of community detection has been reformulated…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Santo Fortunato

Any network studied in the literature is inevitably just a sampled representative of its real-world analogue. Additionally, network sampling is lately often applied to large networks to allow for their faster and more efficient analysis.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-04-14 Neli Blagus , Lovro Šubelj , Gregor Weiss , Marko Bajec

The characterization of network community structure has profound implications in several scientific areas. Therefore, testing the algorithms developed to establish the optimal division of a network into communities is a fundamental problem…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-08-02 Rodrigo Aldecoa , Ignacio Marín

A density-based topology optimization framework is developed to manipulate characteristic modes of conducting surfaces. The adjoint sensitivity analysis provides an efficient computation of the material gradient utilized by the local…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-07 Jonas Tucek , Miloslav Capek , Lukas Jelinek

Bipartite networks are a useful tool for representing and investigating interaction networks. We consider methods for identifying communities in bipartite networks. Intuitive notions of network community groups are made explicit using…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Michael J. Barber , Margarida Faria , Ludwig Streit , Oleg Strogan

One of the most widely used methods for community detection in networks is the maximization of the quality function known as modularity. Of the many maximization techniques that have been used in this context, some of the most conceptually…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-11-24 Xiao Zhang , M. E. J. Newman

In this study, an efficient method to immunize modular networks (i.e., networks with community structure) is proposed. The immunization of networks aims at fragmenting networks into small parts with a small number of removed nodes. Its…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2010-03-24 Naoki Masuda

Current community detection algorithms operate by optimizing a statistic called modularity, which analyzes the distribution of positively weighted edges in a network. Modularity does not account for negatively weighted edges. This paper…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2008-01-23 Todd D. Kaplan , Stephanie Forrest

We present tensor networks for feature extraction and refinement of classifier performance. These networks can be initialised deterministically and have the potential for implementation on near-term intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-23 L. Wright , F. Barratt , J. Dborin , V. Wimalaweera , B. Coyle , A. G. Green

In the study of networked systems such as biological, technological, and social networks the available data are often uncertain. Rather than knowing the structure of a network exactly, we know the connections between nodes only with a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-01-20 Travis Martin , Brian Ball , M. E. J. Newman

We develop a modular mean field theory for a minimalistic model of the idiotypic network. The model comprises the random influx of new idiotypes and a deterministic selection. It describes the evolution of the idiotypic network towards…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-03 Holger Schmidtchen , Ulrich Behn