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The Heider balance is a state of a group of people with established mutual relations between them. These relations, friendly or hostile, can be measured in the Bogardus scale of the social distance. In previous works on the Heider balance,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Gawronski , P. Gronek , K. Kulakowski

To remove a cognitive dissonance in interpersonal relations, people tend to divide our acquaintances into friendly and hostile parts, both groups internally friendly and mutually hostile. This process is modeled as an evolution towards the…

The Heider balance (HB) is investigated in a fully connected graph of $N$ nodes. The links are described by a real symmetric array r(i,j), i,j=1,...,N. In a social group, nodes represent group members and links represent relations between…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-11 Krzysztof Kulakowski , Przemyslaw Gawronski , Piotr Gronek

We report our recent simulations on the social processes which -- in our opinion -- lie at the bottom of hate. First simulation deals with the so-called Heider balance where initial purely random preferences split the community into two…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-08-20 Krzysztof Kulakowski , Malgorzata J. Krawczyk , Przemyslaw Gawronski

Heider balance theory provides a fundamental framework for understanding the formation of friendly and hostile relations in social networks. Existing stochastic formulations typically assume a uniform social temperature, implying that all…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-19 Zhen Li , Yuki Izumida

Recently, a continuous dynamics was proposed to simulate dynamics of interpersonal relations in a society represented by a fully connected graph. Final state of such a society was found to be identical with the so-called Heider balance…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-11 P. Gawronski , K. Kulakowski

We construct a model based on social balance theory proposed by Fritz Heider to analyze the interpersonal network among social agents. The model of social balance theory provides us an interesting tool to see how a social group evolves to…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2007-05-23 Deni Khanafiah , Hokky Situngkir

Structural balance in social complex networks has been modeled with two types of triplet interactions. First, the interaction that only considers dynamic role for links or relationships (Heider balance), and second, the interaction that…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-05-12 A. Kargaran , G. R. Jafari

The effect of gain and loss of esteem is introduced into the equations of time evolution of social relations, hostile or friendly, in a group of actors. The equations allow for asymmetric relations. We prove that in the presence of this…

Heider's structural balance theory has proven invaluable in comprehending the dynamics of social groups characterized by both friendly and hostile relationships. Since people's relations are rarely single-faceted, we investigate Heider…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-10-09 Krishnadas Mohandas , Krzysztof Suchecki , Janusz A. Holyst

We consider the dynamics of interpersonal relations which leads to balanced states in a fully connected network. Here this approach is applied to directed networks with asymmetric relations, and it is generalized to include self-evaluation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-04-01 Malgorzata J. Krawczyk , Maciej Woloszyn , Piotr Gronek , Krzysztof Kulakowski , Janusz Mucha

Social network extensions of Heider's balance theory have not always been consistent. Structural balance theory primarily focuses on graph partitioning, thereby assuming, homogeneity in balance-driven behavior of nodes. We present a general…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-10-15 David Dekker , David Krackhardt , Patrick Doreian , Pavel N. Krivitsky

The Heider balance addresses three-body interactions with the assumption that triads are equally important in the dynamics of the network. In many networks, the relations do not have the same strength so, triads are differently weighted.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-04-19 M. Bagherikalhor , A. Kargaran , A. H. Shirazi , G. R. Jafari

The Heider theory of cognitive dissonance in social groups, formulated recently in terms of differential equations, is generalized here for the case of asymmetric interpersonal ties. The space of initial states is penetrated by starting the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-04-26 P. Gawronski , K. Kulakowski

We propose, develop, and analyze a mathematical model of intergroup attitudes in a community that is divided between two distinct social groups (which may be distinguished by religion, ethnicity, or some other socially distinguishing…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-12-07 Christopher Thron , Rachel McCoy

Classical Heider balance theory models the evolution of social networks towards balanced states with stress minimization. Triad relationships are classically either balanced or imbalanced. However, real-world relationships often exhibit…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-08-06 Anahid Kiani , S. Mahdi Fazeli , G. Reza Jafari

The dynamics of networks on Heider balance theory moves toward reducing the tension by constantly reevaluating the interactions to achieve a state of balance. Conflict of interest, however, is inherent in most complex systems; frequently,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-02-23 Farideh Oloomi , Razieh Masoumi , Kosar Karimipour , Ali Hosseiny , G. Reza Jafari

The Heider balance is investigated in a chain of actors, with periodic boundary conditions and the neighborhood of range $r$, with $r$ as a parameter. Two model dynamics are applied: a deterministic cellular automaton (Malarz et al, Physica…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-12-25 Krzysztof Malarz , Krzysztof Kułakowski

Heider's Balance Theory in signed networks, which consists of friendship or enmity relationships, is a model that relates the type of relationship between two people to the third person. In this model, there is an assumption of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-05-18 M. H. Hakimi Siboni , A. Kargaran , G. R. Jafari

There is a long-standing belief that in social networks with simultaneous friendly/hostile interactions (signed networks) there is a general tendency to a global balance. Balance represents a state of the network with lack of contentious…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-06-10 Ernesto Estrada , Michele Benzi
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