Related papers: Fluctuation studies and energy reconstruction in a…
The technique of adjoint cascade equations has been applied to calculate the properties of extremely high energy gamma-rays in the energy range 10^18--10^22 eV with taking into account the LPM effect and interactions of gamma-rays with the…
Using Monte Carlo simulation of extensive air showers, we showed that the maximum depth of showers, $X_{max}$ can be estimated using $P=Q(100)/Q(200)$, the ratio of Cherenkov photon densities at 100 and 200 meters from the shower core,…
We consider two new aspects of Extensive Air Shower development universality allowing to make accurate estimation of muon and electromagnetic (EM) shower contents in two independent ways. In the first case, to get muon (or EM) signal in…
We examine three dense high-Z scintillating crystals for the $\mu \to e$ conversion experiment using the GEANT4 simulation toolkit. The full energy deposition, albedo, and longitudinal and lateral energy leakages for all crystal assemblies…
Backscattering is a sensitive probe of the accuracy of electron scattering algorithms implemented in Monte Carlo codes. The capability of the Geant4 toolkit to describe realistically the fraction of electrons backscattered from a target…
Accurate simulation of physical processes is crucial for the success of modern particle physics. However, simulating the development and interaction of particle showers with calorimeter detectors is a time consuming process and drives the…
A new method of a primary cosmic particle energy measurement with the extensive air shower (EAS) technique has been developed by exploiting: a) the joint analysis of the shower size, obtained by the EAS-TOP array, and of the EAS Cherenkov…
The lateral distribution of muons with threshold energy e ~ 1*sec(theta) GeV have been studied in showers with energy E>=10^17 eV. The data considered in the analysis have been collected from November 2011 to June 2013. Experimental values…
The shape of the longitudinal development of the showers generated in the atmosphere by very high energy cosmic ray particles encodes information about the mass composition of the flux, and about the properties of hadronic interactions that…
The radio detection of very inclined air showers offers a promising avenue for studying ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and neutrinos. Accurate reconstruction methods are essential for investigating the properties of primary…
The reconstruction of very inclined air showers is a new challenge for next-generation radio experiments such as the AugerPrime radio upgrade, BEACON, and GRAND, which focus on the detection of ultra-high-energy particles. To tackle this,…
If the response to a hadronic shower in a semi-infinite uniform calorimeter structure is $S$ relative to the electronic response, then $S/E = [\fem + (1-\fem)(h/e)]$, where $E$ is the incident hadron energy, $\fem$ is the electronic shower…
The experimental technique of fluorescence light observation is used in current and planned air shower experiments that aim at understanding the origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In the fluorescence technique, the geometry of the…
The proposed SCORE detector consists of a large array of light collecting modules designed to sample the Cherenkov light front of extensive air showers in order to detect high energy gamma-rays. A large spacing of the detector stations…
The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) balloon-borne experiment was first flown from Antarctica in December 2004. The instrument includes a tungsten/Sci-Fi calorimeter preceded by a graphite target (~0.5 interaction length and ~1…
We investigate the statistics of the intensity distributions as function of the wavelength for Ca II H and the CA II IR line at 854.2 nm to estimate the energy content. We derived the intensity variations at different heights of the solar…
An approximate formula has been derived for gain fluctuations in cascaded gaseous detectors such as GEM-s, based on the assumption that the charge collection, avalanche formation and extraction steps are independent cascaded processes. In…
A Monte-Carlo study to reconstruct energy and mass of cosmic rays with energies above 300 TeV using ground based measurements of the electromagnetic part of showers initiated in the atmosphere is presented. The shower properties determined…
Radio detection of inclined air showers currently receives special attention. It can be performed with very sparse antenna arrays and yields a pure measurement of the electromagnetic air-shower component, thus delivering information that is…
Calibrating the absolute energy scale of air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays is an important experimental issue. Currently, the corresponding systematic uncertainty amounts to 14-21% using the fluorescence technique. Here…