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Classification is an important goal in many branches of mathematics. The idea is to describe the members of some class of mathematical objects, up to isomorphism or other important equivalence in terms of relatively simple invariants. Where…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-03-25 Wesley Calvert , Julia F. Knight

These are notes from a basic course in Several Complex Variables

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2015-07-03 John Erik Fornaess

These short lecture notes contain a not too technical introduction to point processes on the time line. The focus lies on defining these processes using the conditional intensity function. Furthermore, likelihood inference, methods of…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-06-04 Jakob Gulddahl Rasmussen

This note describes a way of obtaining e that differs from the standard one. It could be used as an alternate way of showing how the value of e is obtained. No attempt is made to show the existence of the limit in the definition of e that…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2009-10-15 Samuel L. Marateck

At the heart of causal structure learning from observational data lies a deceivingly simple question: given two statistically dependent random variables, which one has a causal effect on the other? This is impossible to answer using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Nikolaos Nikolaou , Konstantinos Sechidis

For analysis of a high-dimensional dataset, a common approach is to test a null hypothesis of statistical independence on all variable pairs using a non-parametric measure of dependence. However, because this approach attempts to identify…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-14 Yakir A. Reshef , David N. Reshef , Pardis C. Sabeti , Michael M. Mitzenmacher

In solar physics, especially in exploratory stages of research, it is often necessary to compare the power spectra of two or more time series. One may, for instance, wish to estimate what the power spectrum of the combined data sets might…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 P. A. Sturrock , J. D. Scargle , G. Walther , M. S. Wheatland

Observables and instruments have played significant roles in recent studies on the foundations of quantum mechanics. Sequential products of effects and conditioned observables have also been introduced. After an introduction in Section~1,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-19 Stan Gudder

These informal notes are concerned with sums and averages in various situations in analysis.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2010-08-17 Stephen Semmes

In time-to-event settings, the presence of competing events complicates the definition of causal effects. Here we propose the new separable effects to study the causal effect of a treatment on an event of interest. The separable direct…

These lectures introduce key concepts in probability and statistical inference at a level suitable for graduate students in particle physics. Our goal is to paint as vivid a picture as possible of the concepts covered.

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Harrison B. Prosper

Consequences of the basic and most evident consistency requirement-that measured events cannot happen and not happen at the same time-are shortly reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to event forecast and event control. As a consequence,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Karl Svozil

A critical review is presented on the most recent attempt to generally explain the notion of "statistical symmetry". This particular explanation, however, is incomplete and misses one important and essential aspect. The aim of this short…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-02-29 Michael Frewer , George Khujadze , Holger Foysi

We present an overview of concepts and results obtained with statistical models in study of nuclear multifragmentation. Conceptual differences between statistical and dynamical approaches, and selection of experimental observables for…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 A. S. Botvina , I. N. Mishustin

This article aims at clarifying the language and practice of scientific experiment, mainly by hooking observability on calculability.

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Pierre Albarede

Definitions and notations with historical references are given for some numerical coefficients commonly used to quantify relations among collections of objects for the purpose of expressing approximate knowledge and probabilistic reasoning.

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-11 Silvio Ursic

Probability metrics constitute an important tool in probability theory and statistics \cite{DKS91}, \cite{R91}, \cite{Z83} as they are specific metrics on spaces of random variables which, by satisfying an extra condition, concord well with…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-11-19 Ben Berckmoes , Bob Lowen

This short note provides a sharper upper bound of a well known inequality for the sum of divisors function. This is a problem in pure mathematics related to the distribution of prime numbers. Furthermore, the technique is completely…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-18 N. A. Carella

The goal of this short note is to provide simple proofs for the "folklore facts" on the sample complexity of learning a discrete probability distribution over a known domain of size $k$ to various distances $\varepsilon$, with error…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-10 Clément L. Canonne

Data analysis is a powerful tool in all experimental sciences. Statistical methods, such as sampling theory, computer technologies necessary for handling large amounts of data, skill in analysing information contained in different types of…

Physics Education · Physics 2012-06-20 Vera Montalbano