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General relativity and its extensions including torsion identify stress energy momentum as being proportional to the Einstein tensor, thus ensuring both symmetry and conservation. Here we visualize stress energy and momentum by identifying…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-26 Adam Marsh

A generalized version of the Einstein equations in the 4-index form, containing the Riemann tensor linearly, is derived. It is shown, that the gravitational energy-momentum density tensor outside a source is represented across the Weyl…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-10-09 Zahid Zakir

The article describes a new approach to obtaining the energy-momentum tensor of electromagnetic field in medium without the use of Maxwell's equations and Poynting theorem. The energy-momentum tensor has new qualities and consequences. Its…

Classical Physics · Physics 2017-04-13 Yurii A. Spirichev

Diffeomorphism covariant theories with dynamical background metric, like gravity coupled to matter fields in the way expressed by Einstein-Hilbert's action or relativistic strings described by Polyakov's action, have `on-shell' vanishing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Merced Montesinos

In this paper, we studied the full Einstein-Hilbert actions with respect to non-symmetric metrics and the corresponding torsion. The first concrete result in this paper are the general formulae for pressure and density with respect to the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-06-14 Nenad O. Vesić , Dragoljub D Dimitrijević

The Abraham--Minkowski momentum controversy is the outwardly visible symptom of an inconsistency in the use of the energy-momentum tensor in the case of a plane quasimonochromatic field in a simple linear dielectric. We show that the Gordon…

Classical Physics · Physics 2012-11-09 Michael E. Crenshaw

The theory of point-particles in classical electrodynamics has a well-known problem of infinite self-energy, and the same is true of quantum electrodynamics. Instead of concluding that there is no such thing as a true point-particle, it is…

Classical Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Andrew T. Hyman

Two distinct energy-momentum tensors of the theory of weak gravity and spinor quantum mechanics are analyzed with respect to their four-divergence and expectation values of energy. The first energy-momentum tensor is obtained by a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-24 Dalibor Javůrek

Ricci-flat solutions to Einstein's equations in four dimensions are obtained as the flat limit of Einstein spacetimes with negative cosmological constant. In the limiting process, the anti-de Sitter energy--momentum tensor is expanded in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-19 Andrea Campoleoni , Arnaud Delfante , Simon Pekar , P. Marios Petropoulos , David Rivera-Betancour , Matthieu Vilatte

It has been tested precisely that the inertial and gravitational masses are equal. Here we reveal that the inertial and gravitational momenta may differ. More generally, the inertial and gravitational energy-momentum tensors may not…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-11-21 Xiang-Song Chen

We give a fully covariant energy momentum stress tensor for the gravitational field which is easily physically motivated, and which leads to a very general derivation of the Einstein equation for gravity. We do not need to assume any…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-03-31 Maurice J. Dupré

In the literature one often finds the claim that there is no such thing as an energy-momentum tensor for the gravitational field, and consequently, that the total energy-momentum conservation can only be defined in terms of a gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-08-08 H. Nikolic

We apply the energy-momentum tensor which is coordinate independent to calculate the energy content of the axisymmetric solutions. Our results are compared with what have been obtained before within the framework of Einstein general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-05 G. G. L. Nashed

Applying the method of conformal metric to a given static axially symmetric vacuum solution of the Einstein equations, we have shown that there is no solution representing a cosmic ideal fluid which is asymtotically FLRW. Letting the cosmic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-09 Fatemeh Bagheri , Reza Mansouri

It is customary to assume that the law of conservation of the angular momentum is violated for an asymmetric energy-momentum tensors. This is the reason for criticizing the Minkowski tensor and other asymmetric energy-momentum tensors. In…

Classical Physics · Physics 2017-08-16 Yurii A. Spirichev

Recent developments in observational cosmology have led to attempts to make modifications on both sides of the Einstein equation to explain some of the puzzling new findings. What follows is an examination of the source of gravity that we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-01-23 Edward A Spiegel

We investigate the energy of a theory with a unit vector field (the "aether") coupled to gravity. Both the Weinberg and Einstein type energy-momentum pseudotensors are employed. In the linearized theory we find expressions for the energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Christopher Eling

The usual derivation of Einstein's field equations from the Einstein--Hilbert action is performed by silently assuming the metric tensor's symmetric character. If this symmetry is not assumed, the result is a new theory, such as Einstein's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-05 Viktor T. Toth

We reduce Einstein's field equations for the interior of a uniformly rotating, axisymmetric perfect fluid to a system of six second order partial differential equations for the pressure p the energy density $\mu$ and four dependent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 E. Kyriakopoulos

In a geometric unified theory there is an energy momentum equation, apart from the field equations and equations of motion. The general relativity Einstein equation with cosmological constant follows from this energy momentum equation for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Gustavo R. Gonzalez-Martin
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