Related papers: Fugacity of condensed media
The scaling behaviour of the diffraction intensity near the origin is investigated for (partially) ordered systems, with an emphasis on illustrative, rigorous results. This is an established method to detect and quantify the fluctuation…
Randomness is viewed through an analogy between a physical quantity, density of gas, and a mathematical construct -- probability density. Boltzmann's deduction of equilibrium distribution of ideal gas placed in an external potential field…
A physical law is represented by the probability distribution of a measured variable. The probability density is described by measured data using an estimator whose kernel is the instrument scattering function. The experimental information…
Discrete simulation methods are efficient tools to investigate the complex behaviors of complex fluids made of either dry granular materials or dilute suspensions. By contrast, materials made of soft and/or concentrated units (emulsions,…
We define compactness of a gravitational lens as the scaled closest distance of approach (i.e., $r_0/M$) of the null geodesic giving rise to an image. We model forty supermassive dark objects as Schwarzschild lenses and compute compactness…
Validation of models for powder flow requires that the models be stochastic and that they be fit by statistical inference. Methods from spatial and multivariate statistics can be used for model fitting and assessment. If the quality of the…
This paper addresses fundamental issues on the nature of the concepts and structures of fuzzy logic, focusing, in particular, on the conceptual and functional differences that exist between probabilistic and possibilistic approaches. A…
Both classical and respectively quantum observables can be modeled as somewhat similar examples of random variables. In such a model the associated measurements preserve the values spectrum of an observable but change the corresponding…
We present a general method to identify an arbitrary number of fluctuating quantities which satisfy a detailed fluctuation theorem for all times within the framework of time-inhomogeneous Markovian jump processes. In doing so we provide a…
Two different versions of an optical theorem for a scattering body embedded inside a lossy background medium are derived in this paper. The corresponding fundamental upper bounds on absorption are then obtained in closed form by elementary…
We consider the description of the fractal media that uses the fractional integrals. We derive the fractional generalizations of the equation that defines the medium mass. We prove that the fractional integrals can be used to describe the…
We describe the fractal solid by a special continuous medium model. We propose to describe the fractal solid by a fractional continuous model, where all characteristics and fields are defined everywhere in the volume but they follow some…
The notion of ``fundamental constant'' is heavily theory-laden. A natural, fairly precise formulation is possible in the context of the standard model (here defined to include gravity). Some fundamental constants have profound geometric…
Opacity is an information flow property characterizing whether a system reveals its secret to a passive observer. Several notions of opacity have been introduced in the literature. We study the notions of language-based opacity,…
An elementary system leading to the notions of fractional integrals and derivatives is considered. Various physical situations whose description is associated with fractional differential equations of motion are discussed.
We introduce a simple geometric model which describes the kinetics of fragmentation of d-dimensional objects. In one dimension our model coincides with the random scission model and show a simple scaling behavior in the long-time limit. For…
Superfluidity, the ability of a fluid to move without dissipation, is one of the most spectacular manifestations of the quantum nature of matter. We explore here the possibility of superfluid motion of light. Controlling the speed of a…
The concept of "fragility", which was introduced to characterize the degree of super-Arrhenius temperature dependence of the relaxation time and transport coefficients, has since been taken as a key quantity that seems to correlate with…
Human languages employ constructions that tacitly assume specific properties of the limited range of phenomena they evolved to describe. These assumed properties are true features of that limited context, but may not be general or precise…
We calculate the ``seeing'' effect on distant sources due to a gravitational wave background. We derive the limit in strain and energy density of the gravitational wave based on the limit of detectability of this effect with the present day…