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We introduce the so far most efficient attack against the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchange system. This attack utilizes the lack of exact thermal equilibrium in practical applications and is based on cable resistance…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-03-30 Laszlo B. Kish , Claes-Goran Granqvist

We point out that the claims in the comment-paper of Scheuer and Yariv are either irrelevant or incorrect. The idealized Kirchoff-loop-Johnson-like-noise (KLJN) scheme is totally secure therefore it is more secure than idealized quantum…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Laszlo B. Kish

The Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) secure key exchange scheme leverages statistical physics to enable secure communication with zero average power flow in a wired channel. While the original KLJN scheme requires significant power for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Christiana Chamon

We present a comprehensive analysis of the Johnson (like) noise based classical key-distribution scheme presented by Kish [1]. We suggest two passive attack strategies that enable an adversary to gain complete knowledge of the exchanged…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Jacob Scheuer , Amnon Yariv

Recently, we proposed a classical communicator which was inspired by the Kirchhoff-loop-Johnson-like-Noise (KLJN) communicator and was claimed totally secure. Here we withdraw this claim and prove that, similarly to earlier intuitive…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Laszlo B. Kish

This article is a supplement to our recent one about the analysis of the noise properties in the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) secure key exchange system [Gingl and Mingesz, PLOS ONE 9 (2014) e96109, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096109].…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-09-30 Robert Mingesz , Gergely Vadai , Zoltan Gingl

This is the longer (partially unpublished) version of response; the shorter version (http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0605013) is published in Physics Letters A. We point out that the claims in the comment-paper of Scheuer and Yariv are either…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Laszlo B. Kish

The statistical-physics-based Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) key exchange offers a new and simple unclonable system for credit/debit card chip authentication and payment. The key exchange, the authentication and the communication are…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-07-21 Laszlo Bela Kish , Kamran Entesari , Claes-Goran Granqvist , Chiman Kwan

This paper presents a secure wire-line telephone system that employs physical layer security (PLS) to protect against wiretapping. The system generates artificial noise (AN) in both transmission directions and uses a telephone hybrid…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-04 Lifeng Lin , Zijian Zhou , Peihe Jiang , Sanjun Liu , Lai Wei , Bingli Jiao

We survey the most important results and some recent developments about the secure key exchange protocol where the security is based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics and the robustness of classical physical information. We conclude that…

General Physics · Physics 2010-04-28 Laszlo B. Kish

We introduce seven new versions of the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-(like)-Noise (KLJN) classical physical secure key exchange scheme and a new transient protocol for practically-perfect security. While these practical improvements offer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-06-18 Laszlo B. Kish

Photons and electrons transmit information to form complex systems and networks. Phonons on the other hand, the quanta of mechanical motion, are often considered only as carriers of thermal energy. Nonetheless, their flow can also be molded…

We re-evaluate the impact of wire resistance on the noise voltage and current in the Johnson-(like)-noise based secure communicator, correcting the result presented in [Physics Letters A 359 (2006) 737]. The analysis shown here is based on…

Classical Physics · Physics 2010-04-12 Laszlo B. Kish , Jacob Scheuer

In a former paper [Fluct. Noise Lett., 13 (2014) 1450020] we introduced a vehicular communication system with unconditionally secure key exchange based on the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) key distribution scheme. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-09 X. Cao , Y. Saez , G. Pesti , L. B. Kish

We critically analyze the results and claims in [Physics Letters A 373 (2009) 901-904]. We show that the strong security leak appeared in the simulations is only an artifact and not caused by "multiple reflections". Since no wave modes…

General Physics · Physics 2014-02-07 Laszlo B. Kish , Tamas Horvath

An alternative physical way of communication, communication by the inherent background noise, is proposed which does not need net energy transfer in the information channel. The communicator devices do dissipate energy; however, they do not…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-01-20 Laszlo B. Kish

We present the design of a new passive wireless communication system that does not rely on ambient or generated RF sources. Instead, we exploit the Johnson (thermal) noise generated by a resistor to transmit information bits wirelessly. By…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-28 Zerina Kapetanovic , Miguel Morales , Joshua R. Smith

Although power line communication (PLC) systems are available everywhere, unfortunately these systems are not suitable for information transmission due to the effects of the impulsive noise. Therefore, many previous studies on channel codes…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-08 Ammar Hadi , Emad Alsusa , Khaled M. Rabie

In this paper, the paradigm of thermal noise communication (TherCom) is put forward for future wired/wireless networks with extremely low power consumption. Taking backscatter communication (BackCom) and reconfigurable intelligent surface…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Ertugrul Basar

A new attack against the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise(KLJN) secure key exchange scheme is introduced. The attack exploits a parasitic (periodic) AC voltage-source at either Alice or Bob ends. Such situations exist due to AC ground loops and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Mutaz Melhem , Christiana Chamon , Shahriar Ferdous , Laszlo B. Kish