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We use an atomic vapor cell as a frequency tunable microwave field detector operating at frequencies from GHz to tens of GHz. We detect microwave magnetic fields from 2.3 GHz to 26.4 GHz, and measure the amplitude of the sigma+ component of…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2016-05-24 Andrew Horsley , Philipp Treutlein

An all-optical atomic magnetometer is used to detect a proton free-precession signal from a water sample polarized in a 0.7 T field and remotely analyzed in a 4 $\mu T$ field. Nuclear spins are manipulated either by $\pi/2$ pulses or by…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Giuseppe Bevilacqua , Valerio Biancalana , Yordanka Dancheva , Luigi Moi

Alkali-metal atomic magnetometry is widely used due to its high sensitivity and cryogen-free operation. However, when operating in geomagnetic field, it suffers from heading errors originating from nonlinear Zeeman (NLZ) splittings and…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2023-04-14 Rui Zhang , Dimitra Kanta , Arne Wickenbrock , Hong Guo , Dmitry Budker

We report on the use of radio-frequency optical atomic magnetometers for magnetic induction tomography measurements. We demonstrate the imaging of dummy targets of varying conductivities placed in the proximity of the sensor, in an…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 Cameron Deans , Luca Marmugi , Sarah Hussain , Ferruccio Renzoni

We report the use of an atomic magnetometer based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with frequency modulated light (FM NMOR) to detect nuclear magnetization of xenon gas. The magnetization of a spin-exchange-polarized xenon sample ($1.7…

We present an experimental and theoretical study of a scalar atomic magnetometer using an oscillating field-driven Zeeman resonance in a high-density optically-pumped potassium vapor. We describe an experimental implementation of an atomic…

Atomic and Molecular Clusters · Physics 2013-05-29 S. J. Smullin , I. M. Savukov , G. Vasilakis , R. K. Ghosh , M. V. Romalis

Noise measurements have been carried out in the LISA bandwidth (0.1 mHz to 100 mHz) to characterize an all-optical atomic magnetometer based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation. This was done in order to assess if the technology can be…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-01-19 I. Mateos , B. Patton , E. Zhivun , D. Budker , D. Wurm , J. Ramos-Castro

We present a novel approach to the detection of weak magnetic fields that takes advantage of recently developed techniques for the coherent control of solid-state electron spin quantum bits. Specifically, we investigate a magnetic sensor…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. M. Taylor , P. Cappellaro , L. Childress , L. Jiang , D. Budker , P. R. Hemmer , A. Yacoby , R. Walsworth , M. D. Lukin

We demonstrate a centimeter-scale optomechanical magnetometer based on a crystalline whispering gallery mode resonator. The large size of the resonator allows high magnetic field sensitivity to be achieved in the hertz to kilohertz…

We introduce a vector atomic magnetometer that employs a fast-rotating magnetic field applied to a pulsed $^{87}$Rb scalar atomic magnetometer. This approach enables simultaneous measurements of the total magnetic field and its two polar…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-07 Tao Wang , Wonjae Lee , Mark Limes , Tom Kornack , Elizabeth Foley , Michael Romalis

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) allows detection of stray magnetic fields around magnetic materials and the two-dimensional visualization of these fields. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the oscillations of an MFM tip above a…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-12-31 Fujio Wakaya , Kenta Oosawa , Masahiro Kajiwara , Satoshi Abo , Mikio Takai

We report on the development of a microfabricated atomic magnetic gradiometer based on optical spectroscopy of alkali atoms in the vapor phase. The gradiometer, which operates in the spin-exchange relaxation free regime, has a length of 60…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-02-14 Dong Sheng , Abigail R. Perry , Sean P. Krzyzewski , Shawn Geller , John Kitching , Svenja Knappe

Some of the most sensitive methods of measuring magnetic fields utilize interactions of resonant light with atomic vapor. Recent developments in this vibrant field are improving magnetometers in many traditional areas such as measurement of…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 D. Budker , M. V. Romalis

Efficient detection of magnetic fields is central to many areas of research and has important practical applications ranging from materials science to geomagnetism. High sensitivity detectors are commonly built using direct…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-01-07 Mustafa Bal , Chunqing Deng , Jean-Luc Orgiazzi , Florian Ong , Adrian Lupascu

We demonstrate an all-optical magnetometer capable of measuring the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field using nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in a cesium vapor. Vector capability is added by effective modulation of the field…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 B. Patton , E. Zhivun , D. C. Hovde , D. Budker

We investigate the ground-state Hanle effect in alkali-metal vapor irradiating by a resonant elliptically polarized light wave. The magneto-optical resonances are observed as a change in the ellipticity parameter of the light wave…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 D. V. Brazhnikov , A. O. Makarov , K. S. Kozlova , A. N. Goncharov

Developing a non-invasive, accurate vector magnetometer that operates at ambient temperature and is conducive to miniaturization and is self-calibrating is a significant challenge. Here, we present an unshielded three-axis vector…

Dynamic nonlinear magneto-optical-rotation signals with frequency- and amplitude-modulated laser light have been observed and investigated with a spherical glass cell of 3-mm diameter containing Cs metal with inner walls coated with…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 M. V. Balabas , D. Budker , J. Kitching , P. D. D. Schwindt , J. E. Stalnaker

We describe a real-time data processing and frequency control method to track peaks in optically detected magnetic resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. This procedure allows us to measure magnetic field continuously with…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-02-19 Kapildeb Ambal , Robert D. McMichael

We explore properties of the radio-frequency atomic magnetometer, specifically its sensitivity to the polarisation of an oscillating magnetic field. This aspect can be particularly relevant to configurations where the sensor monitors fields…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-07-11 L. M. Rushton , L. M. Ellis , J. D. Zipfel , P. Bevington , W. Chalupczak