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Predictability estimates of ensemble prediction systems are uncertain due to limited numbers of past forecasts and observations. To account for such uncertainty, this paper proposes a Bayesian inferential framework that provides a simple…

Global climate models aim to reproduce physical processes on a global scale and predict quantities such as temperature given some forcing inputs. We consider climate ensembles made of collections of such runs with different initial…

Applications · Statistics 2013-12-02 Stefano Castruccio , Michael L. Stein

Multilevel Monte Carlo can efficiently compute statistical estimates of discretized random variables, for a given error tolerance. Traditionally, only a certain statistic is computed from a particular implementation of multilevel Monte…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-02 Alastair Gregory , Colin Cotter

Regression algorithms are regularly used for improving the accuracy of satellite precipitation products. In this context, satellite precipitation and topography data are the predictor variables, and gauged-measured precipitation data are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Georgia Papacharalampous , Hristos Tyralis , Nikolaos Doulamis , Anastasios Doulamis

Accurate and computationally-viable representations of clouds and turbulence are a long-standing challenge for climate model development. Traditional parameterizations that crudely but efficiently approximate these processes are a leading…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-01-05 Jerry Lin , Mohamed Aziz Bhouri , Tom Beucler , Sungduk Yu , Michael Pritchard

Ensemble forecasts often outperform forecasts from individual standalone models, and have been used to support decision-making and policy planning in various fields. As collaborative forecasting efforts to create effective ensembles grow,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-12 Minsu Kim , Evan L. Ray , Nicholas G. Reich

The growing integration of power electronic-based technologies has increased the necessity of power quality (PQ) monitoring in transmission systems. Although large datasets are collected by operators, their use is typically limited to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-04 Max Domagk , Peter Feistel , Jan Meyer , Marco Lindner , Jako Kilter

Over the last three decades, ensemble forecasts have become an integral part of forecasting the weather. They provide users with more complete information than single forecasts as they permit to estimate the probability of weather events by…

Weather and climate forecasts are inherently uncertain due to chaotic dynamics, imperfect initial conditions, and incomplete representation of the underlying physical processes. Operational ensemble forecasts aim to represent these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Birgit Kühbacher , Daan Crommelin , Niki Kilbertus

Methods for unsupervised anomaly detection suffer from the fact that the data is unlabeled, making it difficult to assess the optimality of detection algorithms. Ensemble learning has shown exceptional results in classification and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-26 Edward Yu , Parth Parekh

In this paper, the ensemble consider Kalman filter is proposed to mitigate the negative effects of uncertain parameters in nonlinear dynamic and measurement models. The ensemble Kalman filter can avoid using the Jacobian matrices and reduce…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-18 Tai-shan Lou , Nan-hua Chen , Hua Xiong , Ya-xi Li , Lei Wang

Climate projections have uncertainties related to components of the climate system and their interactions. A typical approach to quantifying these uncertainties is to use climate models to create ensembles of repeated simulations under…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Graham Clyne , Guillaume Couairon , Guillaume Gastineau , Claire Monteleoni , Anastase Charantonis

Combining forecasts from multiple experts often yields more accurate results than relying on a single expert. In this paper, we introduce a novel regularized ensemble method that extends the traditional linear opinion pool by leveraging…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-13 Han Su , Xiaojia Guo , Xiaoke Zhang

Model multiplicity refers to the existence of multiple machine learning models that describe the data equally well but may produce different predictions on individual samples. In medicine, these models can admit conflicting predictions for…

Despite the recent remarkable advances in neural machine translation, translation quality for low-resource language pairs remains subpar. Ensembling multiple systems is a widely adopted technique to enhance performance, often accomplished…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Seokjin Oh , Keonwoong Noh , Woohwan Jung

Weather forecasting presents several challenges, including the chaotic nature of the atmosphere and the high computational demands of numerical weather prediction models. To achieve the most accurate predictions, the ideal scenario involves…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-19 Sándor Baran , Mária Lakatos

Currently all major meteorological centres generate ensemble forecasts using their operational ensemble prediction systems; however, it is a general problem that the spread of the ensemble is too small, resulting in underdispersive…

Applications · Statistics 2020-11-23 Mailiu Díaz , Orietta Nicolis , Julio César Marín , Sándor Baran

Accurate demand forecasting is critical for supply chain optimization, yet remains difficult in practice due to hierarchical complexity, domain shifts, and evolving external factors. While recent foundation models offer strong potential for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Wei Yang , Defu Cao , Yan Liu

Machine learning for weather prediction increasingly relies on ensemble methods to provide probabilistic forecasts. Diffusion-based models have shown strong performance in Limited-Area Modeling (LAM) but remain computationally expensive at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Erik Larsson , Joel Oskarsson , Tomas Landelius , Fredrik Lindsten

Bayesian aggregation lets election forecasters combine diverse sources of information, such as state polls and economic and political indicators: as in our collaboration with The Economist magazine. However, the demands of real-time…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-23 Geonhee Han , Andrew Gelman , Aki Vehtari