Related papers: Tutorial on the double balanced mixer
This paper is motivated by the problem of integrating multiple sources of measurements. We consider two multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels, a primary channel and a secondary channel, with dependent input signals. The primary…
We propose and verify the use of the power spectral density of the FM noise spectrum to study the phase noise relationship between the four-wave mixing components.
A lock-in amplifier is a versatile instrument frequently used in physics research. However, many students struggle with the basic operating principles of a lock-in amplifier which can lead to a variety of difficulties. To improve students'…
The lock-in amplifier is a versatile instrument frequently used in physics research. However, many students struggle with the basic operating principles of a lock-in amplifier which can lead to a variety of difficulties. To improve…
Several modern accelerator facilities require the synchronization of equipment, which is distributed over large distances, down to the femto-second scale. This document describes the resulting problems, gives a basic description of concepts…
The combination of a strong pump and a weak probe has been widely applied to investigate both optical and nanomechanical devices. Such pump-probe measurements allows for the exploration of nonlinear dynamics, driven by the large pump tone,…
Electronic frequency mixers are fundamental building blocks of electronic systems. Harmonic frequency mixing in particular enables broadband electromagnetic signal analysis across octaves of spectrum using a single local oscillator.…
Decoherence is one of the most important obstacles that must be overcome in quantum information processing. It depends on the qubit-environment coupling strength, but also on the spectral composition of the noise generated by the…
The low-pass filter is a fundamental building block from which digital signal-processing systems (e.g. radio and radar) are built. Signals in the electromagnetic spectrum extend over all timescales/frequencies and are used to transmit and…
As a consequence of a general trend in the physics of oscillators and clocks towards optics, phase and frequency metrology is rapidly moving to optics too. Yet, optics is not replacing the traditional radio-frequency (RF) and microwave…
Compact interferometers, called phasemeters, make it possible to operate over a large range while ensuring a high resolution. Such performance is required for the stabilization of large instruments dedicated to experimental physics such as…
Phase noise and frequency (in)stability both describe the fluctuation of stable periodic signals, from somewhat different standpoints. Frequency is unique compared to other domains of metrology, in that its fluctuations of interest span at…
For the characterization of components, systems and signals in the RF and microwave range, several dedicated instruments are in use. In this paper the fundamentals of the RF-signal sampling technique, which has found widespread applications…
Modulations are a critical part of sound design and music production, enabling the creation of complex and evolving audio. Modern synthesizers provide envelopes, low frequency oscillators (LFOs), and more parameter automation tools that…
This article presents a tutorial on multiuser multiple-antenna wireless systems with a very large number of antennas, known as massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. Signal processing challenges and future trends in the area of…
Multiuser beamforming is considered for partially-connected millimeter wave massive MIMO systems. Based on perfect channel state information (CSI), a low-complexity hybrid beamforming scheme that decouples the analog beamformer and the…
We present an analysis of a dataset of audio metrics and aesthetic considerations about mixes and masters provided by the web platform MixCheck studio. The platform is designed for educational purposes, primarily targeting amateur music…
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) promises significantly higher performance relative to conventional multiuser systems. However, the promised gains of massive MIMO systems rely heavily on the accuracy of the absolute front-end…
Hybrid precoding plays a key role in realizing massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmitters with controllable cost. MIMO precoders are required to frequently adapt based on the variations in the channel conditions. In hybrid…
Both longitudinal and transverse coupling impedance for some critical components need to be measured for accelerator design. The twin wires method is widely used to measure longitudinal and transverse impedance on the bench. A mode error is…