Related papers: Comments on the mass of the Photon
The purpose of this article is to show that the standard method of introducing the quantum description of the electromagnetic field -- by canonical field quantization -- is not the only one. We have chosen instead as the starting point the…
The Particle Data Group gives an upper bound on the photon mass $m < 2 \times 10^{-16}$eV from a laboratory experiment and lists, but does not adopt, an astronomical bound $m < 3 \times 10^{-27}$eV, both of which are based on the plausible…
The thermodynamical properties of the photon-plasma system had been studied using statistical physics approach. Photons develop an effective mass in the medium thus -- as a result of the finite chemical potential -- a photon Bose-Einstein…
Two photons are said to be identical when they are prepared in the same quantum state. Given the latter, there is a unique way to achieve this. Conversely, there are many different manners to prepare two non-identical photons: they may have…
In the light of the recent Super-Kamiokande experiments which demonstrate neutrino oscillation, and therefore a non zero mass, it is pointed out how such a mass has also been deduced theoretically.
An antisymmetric tensor, the photon tensor, is defined for the description of the photon as a massless relativistic particle. The photon can be visualized as an essentially two dimensional rotating object. The quantum mechanical description…
We analyze there is a relation between fossil charge and the mass of photon based on Chkareuli-Froggatt-Nielsen Theorem and Proca Lagrangian. As generally known, massive photon will lead to Lorentz non-invariance field theory.
We study the effects of a finite mass for the photon on its propagation in a weak gravitational field. In particular, we analyse the gravitational time delay, also known as the Shapiro effect. We work in isotropic coordinates in the…
We posit a second massless photon, uncoupled to known forms of matter but undergoing Lorentz non-invariant velocity mixing with ordinary photons. Our speculation within a speculation suffers from the sin of implausibility but enjoys the…
Motivated by a revision of the classical equations of electromagnetism that allow for the inclusion of solitary waves in the solution space, the material collected in these notes examines the consequences of adopting the modified model in…
Four new parton distributions of the photon are presented, with a description of theory choices, properties and applications.
Our understanding of the universe at large and small scales relies largely on electromagnetic observations. As photons are the messengers, fundamental physics has a concern in testing their properties, including the absence of mass. We use…
There are some reasons to consider the existing theory of photodetection as not complete. An attempt to improve it on the basis of the well known considerations of black body radiation given by Bose and Einstein is presented below.
We second quantize the Fermi Lagrangian in the Lorenz gauge to obtain a covariant theory of photon quantum mechanics. Number density is real so it is interpreted as position probability density. The Hilbert space is the vector space of…
I comment on a recent preprint "A Proposal to Measure Photon-Photon Scattering" that appeared recently as arXiv:1106.0465v1 [hep-ph].
The probability of a photon to move faster than light, under the Einstein Quantum dynamics is shown to vanish for large times. The proof is based on using propagation estimates on multiscaled energy intervals, to control the singular symbol…
The propagation of photon in a dielectric may be described with the help of the scalar and vector potentials of the medium. The main novelty of the paper is that the concept of the vector potential (which is connected with the velocity of…
We report the results of a double-slit-like experiment in the infrared range, which evidence an anomalous behaviour of photon systems under particular (energy and space) constraints. The statistical analysis of these outcomes (independently…
This note considers two related topics regarding the {\it self-induced charge current} in the experiments detecting photon rest mass: (i) the effective rest mass, $(0.3\sim 1)\times 10^{-54}$ Kg, of photons arising from the ions in the…
A method for quantization of the proton mass is here addressed, which provides a plausible explanation for the origin of mass and leads to the unification of mass and electric charge through their coupling. By means of an electromagnetic…