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We need to establish a correspondence between the magnetic structures generated by models and usual stellar activity indexes to simulate radial velocity time series for stars less active than the Sun. This is necessary to compare the…
The heating of the Sun's chromosphere remains poorly understood. While progress has been made on understanding what drives the quiet Sun internetwork chromosphere, chromospheric heating in strong magnetic field regions continues to present…
In order to investigate the relation between magnetic structures and the signatures of heating in plage regions, we observed a plage region with the He I 1083.0 nm and Si I 1082.7 nm lines on 2018 October 3 using the integral field unit…
Unlike solids, the heat transfer in fluids can be greatly enhanced due to the presence of convection. Under gravity, an unevenly distributed temperature field results in differences in buoyancy, driving fluid motion that is seen in…
Efforts to green cities for cooling are succeeding unevenly because the same vegetation that cools surfaces can also intensify how hot the air feels. Previous studies have identified humid heat as a growing urban hazard, yet how…
We investigate the prospects for detecting and constraining density and temperature inhomogeneities in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) using absorption measurements of metal ions. Distributions in the gas thermal properties could arise from…
Lipid structures exhibit complex and highly dynamic lateral structure; and changes in lipid density and fluidity are believed to play an essential role in membrane targeting and function. The dynamic structure of liquids on the molecular…
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves have been considered as energy sources for heating the solar chromosphere and the corona. Although MHD waves have been observed in the solar atmosphere, there are a lack of quantitative estimates on the…
We present evidence that solar structure changes with changes in solar activity. We find that the adiabatic index, Gamma_1, changes near the second helium ionization, i.e., at a depth of about 0.98 R_sun. We believe that this change is a…
In recent years extensive studies on the Earth's climate system have been carried out by means of advanced complex network statistics. The great majority of these studies, however, have been focusing on investigating correlation structures…
We present theoretical models of chromospheric heating for 55 Cancri, an orange dwarf of relatively low activity. Self-consistent, nonlinear and time-dependent ab-initio numerical computations are pursued encompassing the generation,…
I analyzed ice water content (IWC) data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and sea surface temperature (SST) data from NOAA's Optimum Interpolation SST (OISST) product from 2004 to 2024. Using these data, I derived monthly infrared…
For the interpretation of measurements of radio emission from extensive air showers, an important systematic uncertainty arises from natural variations of the atmospheric refractive index $n$. At a given altitude, the refractivity $N=10^6\,…
Water vapour is highly subsaturated in much of the Earth's atmosphere. This has important consequences for water vapour feedback, and also for general phenomena such as the runaway greenhouse. In this chapter, we discuss the processes that…
The aim of this paper is to extend the method of improving cloaking structures in the conductivity to scattering problems. We construct very effective near-cloaking structures for the scattering problem at a fixed frequency. These new…
The mean world climate has warmed since the 19th Century as the anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases has increased the atmospheric opacity to thermal infrared radiation. Has this warming increased the frequency or severity of…
The interior flux of a giant planet impacts atmospheric motion, and the atmosphere dictates the interior's cooling. Here we use a non-hydrostatic general circulation model (Simulating Nonhydrostatic Atmospheres on Planets, SNAP) coupled…
Reflected sunlight observations from the Ultraviolet Spectrograph (UVS) on the Juno spacecraft were used to study the distribution of acetylene (C$_2$H$_2$) at Jupiter's south pole. We find that the shape of the C$_2$H$_2$ absorption…
In the context of averaging an inhomogeneous cosmological model, we propose a natural measure identical to the Kullback-Leibler relative information entropy, which expresses the distinguishability of the local inhomogeneous density field…
We present evidence supporting wave reflection in the lower solar chromosphere based on helioseismic analysis of multi-height Doppler data. This evidence is derived through a wave propagation model that incorporates both upward- and…