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Related papers: Response to Scheuer-Yariv: "A Classical Key-Distri…

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We critically analyze the results and claims in [Physics Letters A 373 (2009) 901-904]. We show that the strong security leak appeared in the simulations is only an artifact and not caused by "multiple reflections". Since no wave modes…

General Physics · Physics 2014-02-07 Laszlo B. Kish , Tamas Horvath

This paper introduces and demonstrates two new attacks against the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) secure key exchange scheme. The attacks are based on random number generators with compromised security. First we explore the situation in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Christiana Chamon , Shahriar Ferdous , Laszlo B. Kish

The safety of a quantum key distribution system relies on the fact that any eavesdropping attempt on the quantum channel creates errors in the transmission. For a given error rate, the amount of information that may have leaked to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-28 B. Huttner , N. Imoto , N. Gisin , T. Mor

This letter proposes a novel hybrid key distribution architecture that jointly exploits quantum key distribution (QKD) and Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) statistical-physical key exchange. In the proposed system, an optical BB84-type…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Ertugrul Basar

The statistical-physics-based Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) key exchange offers a new and simple unclonable system for credit/debit card chip authentication and payment. The key exchange, the authentication and the communication are…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-07-21 Laszlo Bela Kish , Kamran Entesari , Claes-Goran Granqvist , Chiman Kwan

A recent IEEE Access Paper by Gunn, Allison and Abbott (GAA) proposed a new transient attack against the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchange system. The attack is valid, but it is easy to build a defense for the KLJN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-19 Laszlo Bela Kish , Claes Goran Granqvist

Employing the fundamental laws of quantum physics, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) promises the unconditionally secure distribution of cryptographic keys. However, in practical realisations, a QKD protocol is only secure, when the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-07 Muhammad Mubashir Khan , Jie Xu , Almut Beige

In this paper, we survey the state of the art of the secure key exchange method that is secured by the laws of classical statistical physics, and involves the Kirchhoff's law and the generalized Johnson noise equation, too. We discuss the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-06-07 Laszlo B. Kish , Ferdinand Peper

We discuss the speed-error-heat triangle and related problems with rapidly increasing energy dissipation and error rate during miniaturization. These and the independently growing need of unconditional data security have provoked…

General Physics · Physics 2008-08-20 Laszlo B. Kish

We demonstrate the security vulnerability of the ideal Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) key exchanger against transient attacks. Transients start when Alice and Bob connect the wire to their chosen resistor at the beginning of each clock…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Shahriar Ferdous , Laszlo B. Kish

This paper deals with the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) classical statistical physical key exchange method and surveys criticism - often stemming from a lack of understanding of its underlying premises or from other errors - and our…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-03-30 Laszlo B. Kish , Derek Abbott , Claes-Goran Granqvist , He Wen

The Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) secure key exchange scheme leverages statistical physics to enable secure communication with zero average power flow in a wired channel. While the original KLJN scheme requires significant power for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Christiana Chamon

We provide a complete proof of the security of quantum cryptography against any eavesdropping attack including coherent measurements even in the presence of noise. Polarization-based cryptographic schemes are shown to be equivalent to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hoi-Kwong Lo , H. F. Chau

A new attack against the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) key distribution system is explored. The attack is based on utilizing a parasitic dc-voltage-source in the loop. Relevant situations often exist in the low-frequency limit in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-04 Mutaz Y. Melhem , Laszlo B. Kish

This paper demonstrates the vulnerability of the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) secure key exchanger to compromised random number generator(s) even if these random numbers are used solely to generate the noises emulating the Johnson…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Christiana Chamon , Shahriar Ferdous , Laszlo Kish

In (Nature) Science Report 5 (2015) 13653, Vadai, Mingesz and Gingl (VMG) introduce a new Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchanger that operates with 4 arbitrary resistors (instead of 2 arbitrary resistance values forming 2…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Shahriar Ferdous , Christiana Chamon , Laszlo B. Kish

The previous work showed that the Y00 protocol could stay secure with the eavesdropper's guessing probability on the secret keys being strictly less than one under an unlimitedly long known-plaintext attack with quantum memory. However, an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-15 Takehisa Iwakoshi

Many papers proved the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) system, in the asymptotic framework. The degree of the security has not been discussed in the finite coding-length framework, sufficiently. However, to guarantee any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Masahito Hayashi

Semi-quantum key distribution protocols are allowed to set up a secure secret key between two users. Compared with their full quantum counterparts, one of the two users is restricted to perform some "classical" or "semi-quantum" operations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-16 Wei Zhang , Daowen Qiu , Paulo Mateus

We study information theoretical security for space links between a satellite and a ground-station. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a well established method for information theoretical secure communication, giving the eavesdropper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 A. Vazquez-Castro , D. Rusca , H. Zbinden