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We investigate the direct and inverse Mpemba effects within the framework of the time-delayed Newton's law of cooling by introducing and analyzing the Descartes protocol, a three-reservoir thermal scheme in which each sample undergoes a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-09 Andrés Santos

The classical Mpemba effect is the counterintuitive phenomenon where hotter water freezes faster than colder water due to the breakdown of Newton's law of cooling after a sudden temperature quench. The genuine nonequilibrium post-quench…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Marco Peluso , Reinhold Egger , Andrea Nava

Mpemba effects (MPEs), where a hotter system cools faster than a colder one, present intriguing anomalies in relaxation processes. Despite their universal observation and significant fundamental and practical implications, a comprehensive…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-22 Naruo Ohga , Hisao Hayakawa , Sosuke Ito

Freezing of water droplets placed on the bare and superhydrophobic surfaces of polymer wedges are studied both experimentally and computationally. Two-dimensional numerical calculations of the transient temperature field in a chilled…

The Mpemba effect originally referred to the observation that, under certain thermalizing dynamics, initially hotter samples can cool faster than colder ones. This effect has since been generalized to other anomalous relaxation behaviors…

We generalize the classical thermal Mpemba effect (where an initially hot system relaxes faster to the final equilibrium state than a cold one) to open quantum systems coupled to several reservoirs. We show that, in general, two different…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-07 Andrea Nava , Reinhold Egger

The Mpemba effect is a thermodynamic anomaly in which a system farther away in temperature from equilibrium thermalizes before one that is initially closer. The effect has been experimentally observed across a wide range of systems,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-06 Ido Avitan , Roee Factor , David Gelbwaser-Klimovsky

The Mpemba effect is a fingerprint of the anomalous relaxation phenomenon wherein an initially hotter system equilibrates faster than an initially colder system when both are quenched to the same low temperature. Experiments on a single…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-08-16 Apurba Biswas , R. Rajesh , Arnab Pal

A hot Markovian system can cool down faster than a colder one: this is known as the Mpemba effect. Here, we show that a non-equilibrium driving via stochastic reset can induce this phenomenon, when absent. Moreover, we derive an optimal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-10-08 Daniel Maria Busiello , Deepak Gupta , Amos Maritan

A uniform solidification front undergoes non-trivial deformations when encountering an insoluble dispersed particle in a melt. For solid particles, the overall deformation characteristics are primarily dictated by heat transfer between the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-03-01 Duco van Buuren , Pallav Kant , Jochem G. Meijer , Christian Diddens , Detlef Lohse

Various exotic phenomena emerge in non-equilibrium quantum many-body systems. The Mpemba effect, denoting the situation where a hot system freezes faster than the colder one, is a counterintuitive non-equilibrium phenomenon that has…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-13 Wei-Xuan Chang , Shuai Yin , Shi-Xin Zhang , Zi-Xiang Li

Quantum thermometry provides a key capability for nanoscale devices and quantum technologies, but most existing strategies rely on probes initialized near equilibrium. This equilibrium paradigm imposes intrinsic limitations: sensitivity is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Pritam Chattopadhyay , Jonas F. G. Santos , Avijit Misra

We investigate the Mpemba effect in a dilute sheared granular gas with a velocity-dependent restitution coefficient. Using kinetic theory based on Grad's moment method, we analyze the relaxation dynamics following a sudden change in the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-19 Makoto R. Kikuchi , Yuria Kobayashi , Satoshi Takada

Observation of the quantum Mpemba effect has spurred much interest in its enabling conditions and its relation to the classical counterpart. Here, we consider weakly open many-body quantum systems initialized in different thermal states and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-24 Iris Ulčakar , Rustem Sharipov , Gianluca Lagnese , Zala Lenarčič

When water is present in a medium with pore sizes in a range around 10nm the corresponding freezing point depression will cause long range broadening of a melting front. Describing the freezing-point depression by the Gibbs-Thomson equation…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-08-08 Eirik G. Flekkøy , Erika Eiser , Alex Hansen

We study the nature of thermalization dynamics and the associated preparation (simulation) time under the repeated interaction protocol uncovering a generic anomalous, Mpemba-like trend. As a case study, we focus on a three-level system and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Carlos Ramon-Escandell , Alessandro Prositto , Dvira Segal

When a cup of hot coffee is suddenly put into a cold environment, it cools down as a function of time $t$ until the internal temperature $T_\text{int}$ of the coffee equals the external ambient temperature $T_\text{ext}$. This instantaneous…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-14 Hartmut Löwen

The Mpemba effect, in which a system initially farther from equilibrium relaxes faster than a closer one, is often associated with nonlinear or far-from-equilibrium dynamics. We show that this effect can arise entirely within the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Philippe Ben-Abdallah

Premelting describes the confluence of phenomena that are responsible for the stable existence of the liquid phase of matter in the solid region of its bulk phase diagram. Here we develop a theoretical description of the premelting of water…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-05-29 Hendrik Hansen-Goos , J. S. Wettlaufer

When primordial black holes (PBHs) evaporate, they deposit energy in the surrounding plasma, leading to temperature gradients, or hot spots, that evolve during the evaporation process. Motivated by recent studies suggesting that a memory…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-24 Nathaniel Levy , Lucien Heurtier