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As transformers have gained prominence in natural language processing, some researchers have investigated theoretically what problems they can and cannot solve, by treating problems as formal languages. Exploring such questions can help…
This special issue is dedicated to get a better picture of the relationships between computational linguistics and cognitive science. It specifically raises two questions: "what is the potential contribution of computational language…
In recent years we've seen the birth of a new field known as hamiltonian complexity lying at the crossroads between computer science and theoretical physics. Hamiltonian complexity is directly concerned with the question: how hard is it to…
This paper briefly characterizes the field of cognitive computing. As an exemplification, the field of natural language question answering is introduced together with its specific challenges. A possibility to master these challenges is…
After the emergence of quantum mechanics and realising its need for an accurate understanding of physical systems, numerical methods were being used to undergo quantum mechanical treatment. With increasing system correlations and size,…
Despite differing from the human language processing mechanism in implementation and algorithms, current language models demonstrate remarkable human-like or surpassing language capabilities. Should computational language models be employed…
In the half century since the 1950s computer simulation has transformed our understanding of physics. The rare, expensive, slow, and bulky mainframes of World War II have given way to today's millions of cheap, fast, desksized workstations…
Computers have already changed the way that humans do mathematics: they enable us to compute efficiently. But will they soon be helping us to reason? And will they one day start reasoning themselves? We give an overview of recent…
Some aspects of the physical nature of language are discussed. In particular, physical models of language must exist that are efficiently implementable. The existence requirement is essential because without physical models no communication…
Conversational practice, while crucial for all language learners, can be challenging to get enough of and very expensive. Chatbots are computer programs developed to engage in conversations with humans. They are designed as software avatars…
The mathematical picture language project that we began in 2016 has already yielded interesting results. We also point out areas of mathematics and physics where we hope that it will prove useful in the future.
We provide an overview of the emergence of large language models for scientific computing applications. We highlight use cases that involve natural language processing of scientific documents and specialized languages designed to describe…
Computer simulations are enabling researchers to investigate systems which are extremely difficult to handle analytically. In the particular case of General Relativity, numerical models have proved extremely valuable for investigations of…
This chapter provides an introduction to computational linguistics methods, with focus on their applications to the practice and study of translation. It covers computational models, methods and tools for collection, storage, indexing and…
An introductory formal languages course exposes advanced undergraduate and early graduate students to automata theory, grammars, constructive proofs, computability, and decidability. Programming students find these topics to be challenging…
Methods and insights from statistical physics are finding an increasing variety of applications where one seeks to understand the emergent properties of a complex interacting system. One such area concerns the dynamics of language at a…
Computational experiments have emerged as a valuable method for studying complex systems, involving the algorithmization of counterfactuals. However, accurately representing real social systems in Agent-based Modeling (ABM) is challenging…
Since its inception at the beginning of the twentieth century, quantum mechanics has challenged our conceptions of how the universe ought to work; however, the equations of quantum mechanics can be too computationally difficult to solve…
Large Language Models (LLMs) have quickly risen to prominence due to their ability to perform at or close to the state-of-the-art in a variety of fields while handling natural language. An important field of research is the application of…
Machine learning algorithms learn a desired input-output relation from examples in order to interpret new inputs. This is important for tasks such as image and speech recognition or strategy optimisation, with growing applications in the IT…