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The photospheric magnetic field outside of active regions and the network has a ubiquitous and dynamic line-of-sight component that strengthens from disk center to limb as expected for a nearly horizontal orientation. This component shows a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. W. Harvey , D. Branston , C. J. Henney , C. U. Keller , the SOLIS Team , the GONG Team

Near the 10 solar radius perihelion of Parker Solar Probe encounter 24, a confined region containing an enhanced plasma density (25,000 per cubic centimeter) and broadband electrostatic waves was encountered. The solar wind velocity (200…

Space Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Forrest Mozer , Oleksiy Agapitov , Kyungeun Choi , Andrii Voshchepynets

The anisotropy of turbulence in the fast solar wind, between the ion and electron gyroscales, is directly observed using a multispacecraft analysis technique. Second order structure functions are calculated at different angles to the local…

Plasma turbulence is thought to be associated with various physical processes involved in solar flares, including magnetic reconnection, particle acceleration and transport. Using Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager ({\it RHESSI})…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 E. P. Kontar , I. G. Hannah , N. H. Bian

Using linear Vlasov theory of plasma waves and quasi-linear theory of resonant wave-particle interaction, the dispersion relations and the electromagnetic field fluctuations of fast and Alfven waves are studied for a low-beta multi-ion…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-08-16 Ming Xiong , Xing Li

We present a measurement of the spectral index of density fluctuations between ion and electron scales in solar wind turbulence using the EFI instrument on the ARTEMIS spacecraft. The mean spectral index at 1 AU was found to be -2.75 +/-…

Space Physics · Physics 2012-07-17 C. H. K. Chen , C. S. Salem , J. W. Bonnell , F. S. Mozer , S. D. Bale

High time-resolution solar wind magnetic field data is employed to study statistics describing intermittency near the first perihelion (~35.6 Rs) of the Parker Solar Probe mission. A merged dataset employing two instruments on the FIELDS…

Space Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Rohit Chhiber , William H. Matthaeus , Trevor A. Bowen , Stuart D. Bale

Turbulence in space plasmas usually exhibits two regimes separated by a spectral break that divides the so called inertial and kinetic ranges. Large scale magnetic fluctuations are dominated by non-linear MHD wave-wave interactions…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-03-22 Pablo S. Moya , Roberto E. Navarro

Solar electron beams responsible for type III radio emission generate Langmuir waves as they propagate out from the Sun. The Langmuir waves are observed via in-situ electric field measurements. These Langmuir waves are not smoothly…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-01 Hamish A. S. Reid , Eduard P. Kontar

The propagation of solar energetic particles (SEPs) through the heliosphere is primarily guided by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) which is embedded in the solar wind plasma. Large-scale IMF structures can drive transient variations…

A major goal of solar physics is understanding the transition of the medium from the closed-loop magnetic configuration of the corona to the open structure of the heliospheric current sheet. The evolution of solar wind streamers, an…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-20 Forrest Mozer , Kyungeun Choi , Richard Sydora , Andrii . Voshchepynets

The magnetic variance anisotropy ($\mathcal{A}_m$) of the solar wind has been used widely as a method to identify the nature of solar wind turbulent fluctuations; however, a thorough discussion of the meaning and interpretation of the…

Space Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 J. M. TenBarge , J. J. Podesta , K. G. Klein , G. G. Howes

The trajectories of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) in an Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) exhibiting large-scale fluctuations due to footpoint motions originating in the photosphere, are simulated using a full-orbit test-particle code.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 James Kelly , Silvia Dalla , Timo Laitinen

Observations of the solar radio emission in the microwave frequency range show fine structures consisting of a number of the almost parallel narrow frequency bands. We interpret these bands as the cyclotron harmonics plasma emission. This…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 V. G. Ledenev , M. Karlicky , Y. Yan , Q. Fu

We study the radial evolution of intermittency of density fluctuations in the fast solar wind. The study is performed analyzing the plasma density measurements provided by Helios 2 in the inner heliosphere between $0.3$ and $0.9$ AU. The…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-14 R. Bruno , D. Telloni , L. Primavera , E. Pietropaolo , R. D'Amicis , L. Sorriso-Valvo , V. Carbone , F. Malara , P. Veltri

Based on in-situ measurements by Wind spacecraft from 2005 to 2015, this letter reports for the first time a clearly scale-dependent connection between proton temperatures and the turbulence in the solar wind. A statistical analysis of…

Space Physics · Physics 2020-10-07 G. Q. Zhao , Y. Lin , X. Y. Wang , D. J. Wu , H. Q. Feng , Q. Liu , A. Zhao , H. B. Li

For more than 12 hours beginning on January 18, 2021, continuous narrowband electrostatic emissions were observed on Parker Solar Probe near 20 solar radii. The observed <1000 Hz frequencies were well below the local ion plasma frequency.…

Space Physics · Physics 2021-09-29 Forrest S. Mozer , Ivan . Y. Vasko , J. L. Verniero

Fluctuations in the flow velocity and magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the Solar System. These fluctuations are turbulent, in the sense that they are disordered and span a broad range of scales in both space and time. The study of solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-04 F. Fraternale , L. Gallana , M. Iovieno , M. Opher , J. D. Richardson , D. Tordella

Solar flares are intense bursts of electromagnetic radiation, which occur due to a rapid destabilization and reconnection of the magnetic field. While pre-flare signatures and trends have been investigated from magnetic observations prior…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-18 Kara L. Kniezewski , Emily I. Mason , Daniel J. Emmons , Kyle E. Fitch , Seth H. Garland

The recently released spacecraft potential measured by the RPW instrument on-board Solar Orbiter has been used to estimate the solar wind electron density in the inner heliosphere. Solar-wind electron density measured during June 2020 has…