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To understand the structure of a large-scale biological, social, or technological network, it can be helpful to decompose the network into smaller subunits or modules. In this article, we develop an information-theoretic foundation for the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Martin Rosvall , Carl T. Bergstrom

The modularity of a network quantifies the extent, relative to a null model network, to which vertices cluster into community groups. We define a null model appropriate for bipartite networks, and use it to define a bipartite modularity.…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-12-12 Michael J. Barber

To understand how a complex system is organized and functions, researchers often identify communities in the system's network of interactions. Because it is practically impossible to explore all solutions to guarantee the best one, many…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-11-27 Joaquín Calatayud , Rubén Bernardo-Madrid , Magnus Neuman , Alexis Rojas , Martin Rosvall

We use the information present in a bipartite network to detect cores of communities of each set of the bipartite system. Cores of communities are found by investigating statistically validated projected networks obtained using information…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-08-30 Christian Bongiorno , András London , Salvatore Miccichè , Rosario N. Mantegna

Community detection, also known as graph partitioning, is a well-known NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem with applications in diverse fields such as complex network theory, transportation, and smart power grids. The problem's…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Wei Li , Yi-Lun Du , Nan Su , Konrad Tywoniuk , Kyle Godbey , Horst Stöcker

One of the most widely used methods for community detection in networks is the maximization of the quality function known as modularity. Of the many maximization techniques that have been used in this context, some of the most conceptually…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-11-24 Xiao Zhang , M. E. J. Newman

Community structure is an important property of complex networks. An automatic discovery of such structure is a fundamental task in many disciplines, including sociology, biology, engineering, and computer science. Recently, several…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-04-11 Jianhua Ruan , Weixiong Zhang

Many complex systems in nature and society can be described in terms of networks capturing the intricate web of connections among the units they are made of. A key question is how to interpret the global organization of such networks as the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Gergely Palla , Imre Derenyi , Illes Farkas , Tamas Vicsek

Bipartite networks composed of dichotomous node sets are ubiquitous in nature and society. Partly for simplicity's sake, many studies have focused on their projection onto their unipartite versions where one only needs to care about a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-01-03 Sang Hoon Lee

Uncovering modular structure in networks is fundamental for systems in biology, physics, and engineering. Community detection identifies candidate modules as hypotheses, which then need to be validated through experiments, such as…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Marinka Zitnik , Rok Sosic , Jure Leskovec

One of the most useful measures of cluster quality is the modularity of a partition, which measures the difference between the number of the edges joining vertices from the same cluster and the expected number of such edges in a random…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-09-29 Hristo Djidjev

Modularity was introduced as a measure of goodness for the community structure induced by a partition of the set of vertices in a graph. Then, it also became an objective function used to find good partitions, with high success.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2010-08-25 José Ignacio Alvarez-Hamelin , Beiró Mariano Gastón , Jorge Rodolfo Busch

Methods for detecting community structure in networks typically aim to identify a single best partition of network nodes into communities, often by optimizing some objective function, but in real-world applications there may be many…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Alec Kirkley , M. E. J. Newman

Community structure is one of the most important properties of networks. Most community algorithms are not suitable for large networks because of their time consuming. In fact there are lots of networks with millons even billons of nodes.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-01-15 Jiankou Li

Many complex systems can be represented as networks and separating a network into communities could simplify the functional analysis considerably. Recently, many approaches have been proposed for finding communities, but none of them can…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-13 Yanqing Hu , Yuchao Nie , Hua Yang , Jie Cheng , Ying Fan , Zengru Di

Community partitioning is crucial in network analysis, with modularity optimization being the prevailing technique. However, traditional modularity-based methods often overlook fairness, a critical aspect in real-world applications. To…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yufeng Wang , Yiguang Bai , Tianqing Zhu , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jing Yuan

Complex networks are intrinsically modular. Resolving small modules is particularly difficult when the network is densely connected; wide variation of link weights invites additional complexities. In this article we present an algorithm to…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2014-01-16 Mahashweta Basu

Modular and hierarchical community structures are pervasive in real-world complex systems. A great deal of effort has gone into trying to detect and study these structures. Important theoretical advances in the detection of modular have…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Michael T. Schaub , Jiaze Li , Leto Peel

Community detection, the decomposition of a graph into essential building blocks, has been a core research topic in network science over the past years. Since a precise notion of what constitutes a community has remained evasive, community…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-02-17 Michael T. Schaub , Jean-Charles Delvenne , Martin Rosvall , Renaud Lambiotte

The goal of community detection algorithms is to identify densely-connected units within large networks. An implicit assumption is that all the constituent nodes belong equally to their associated community. However, some nodes are more…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-06-07 Tanmoy Chakraborty , Sriram Srinivasan , Niloy Ganguly , Animesh Mukherjee , Sanjukta Bhowmick
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