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We present a new framework for analysing the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. Drawing on recent advances in the theory of gradient flows over Euclidean-Wasserstein spaces, we extend techniques from alternating minimization in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-21 Rocco Caprio , Adam M Johansen

The Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is a key reference for inference in latent variable models; unfortunately, its computational cost is prohibitive in the large scale learning setting. In this paper, we propose an extension of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-26 Gersende Fort , Eric Moulines , Hoi-To Wai

The Expectation Maximisation (EM) algorithm is widely used to optimise non-convex likelihood functions with latent variables. Many authors modified its simple design to fit more specific situations. For instance, the Expectation (E) step…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-03 Thomas Lartigue , Stanley Durrleman , Stéphanie Allassonnière

We study the convergence rates of the EM algorithm for learning two-component mixed linear regression under all regimes of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We resolve a long-standing question that many recent results have attempted to tackle:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-08 Jeongyeol Kwon , Nhat Ho , Constantine Caramanis

The recent evolution of hyperspectral imaging technology and the proliferation of new emerging applications presses for the processing of multiple temporal hyperspectral images. In this work, we propose a novel spectral unmixing (SU)…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-28 Ricardo Augusto Borsoi , Tales Imbiriba , Pau Closas , José Carlos Moreira Bermudez , Cédric Richard

This paper addresses the well-known local maximum problem of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm in blind intersymbol interference (ISI) channel estimation. This problem primarily results from phase and shift ambiguity during…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-05 Chin-Hung Chen , Ivana Nikoloska , Wim van Houtum , Yan Wu , Alex Alvarado

In this article, we derive a new stepsize adaptation for the normalized least mean square algorithm (NLMS) by describing the task of linear acoustic echo cancellation from a Bayesian network perspective. Similar to the well-known Kalman…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-19 Christian Huemmer , Roland Maas , Walter Kellermann

We introduce the spiked mixture model (SMM) to address the problem of estimating a set of signals from many randomly scaled and noisy observations. Subsequently, we design a novel expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to recover all…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-26 Paul-Louis Delacour , Sander Wahls , Jeffrey M. Spraggins , Lukasz Migas , Raf Van de Plas

Latent class model (LCM), which is a finite mixture of different categorical distributions, is one of the most widely used models in statistics and machine learning fields. Because of its non-continuous nature and the flexibility in shape,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-23 Hao Chen , Lanshan Han , Alvin Lim

The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is a well-known iterative method for computing maximum likelihood estimates from incomplete data. Despite its numerous advantages, a main drawback of the EM algorithm is its frequently observed…

Computation · Statistics 2018-08-14 Nicholas C. Henderson , Ravi Varadhan

We study the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for general latent-variable models under (i) distributional misspecification and (ii) nonidentifiability induced by a group action. We formulate EM on the quotient parameter space and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Koustav Mallik

Mixture models serve as one fundamental tool with versatile applications. However, their training techniques, like the popular Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, are notoriously sensitive to parameter initialization and often suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Yulai Cong , Sijia Li

In this paper, the problem of joint oscillator phase noise (PHN) estimation and data detection for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems using bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) is analyzed. A new MIMO receiver that iterates between…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-08-20 Arif O. Isikman , Hani Mehrpouyan , Ali A. Nasir , Alexander G. Amat , Rodney. A. Kennedy

Regression analysis with missing data is a long-standing and challenging problem, particularly when there are many missing variables with arbitrary missing patterns. Likelihood-based methods, although theoretically appealing, are often…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-16 Ngok Sang Kwok , Kin Yau Wong

Recently we find several candidates of quantum algorithms that may be implementable in near-term devices for estimating the amplitude of a given quantum state, which is a core sub- routine in various computing tasks such as the Monte Carlo…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-12 Tomoki Tanaka , Yohichi Suzuki , Shumpei Uno , Rudy Raymond , Tamiya Onodera , Naoki Yamamoto

The EM (Expectation-Maximization) algorithm is regarded as an MM (Majorization-Minimization) algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation of statistical models. Expanding this view, this paper demonstrates that by choosing an appropriate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Kensuke Asai , Jun-ya Gotoh

1. Parameter inference from distorted measurements is discussed. 2. Smeared measurements are unfolded without explicit regularization. The corresponding results are unbiased and permit to fit parameters and to apply quantitative…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-07-26 Guenter Zech

We consider the problem of retrieving the aerosol extinction coefficient from Raman lidar measurements. This is an ill--posed inverse problem that needs regularization, and we propose to use the Expectation--Maximization (EM) algorithm to…

The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm introduced by Dempster et al in 1977 is a very general method to solve maximum likelihood estimation problems. In this informal report, we review the theory behind EM as well as a number of EM…

Computation · Statistics 2012-09-10 Alexis Roche

The stochastic blockmodel (SBM) models the connectivity within and between disjoint subsets of nodes in networks. Prior work demonstrated that the rows of an SBM's adjacency spectral embedding (ASE) and Laplacian spectral embedding (LSE)…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-04 Zachary M. Pisano , Joshua S. Agterberg , Carey E. Priebe , Daniel Q. Naiman