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Silicon pixel sensors manufactured using commercial CMOS processes are promising instruments for high-energy particle physics experiments due to their high yield and proven radiation hardness. As one of the essential factors for the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-04-01 Sinuo Zhang , Ivan Caicedo , Tomasz Hemperek , Toko Hirono , Jochen Dingfelder

The high-luminosity upgrade of the CERN LHC requires the replacement of the CMS tracking detector to cope with the increased radiation fluence while maintaining its excellent performance. An extensive R\&D program, aiming at using 3D pixel…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-16 The Tracker Group of the CMS Collaboration

The Wireless Allowing Data and Power Transmission (WADAPT) proposal was formed to study the feasibility of wireless technologies in HEP experiments. A strong motivation for using wireless data transmission at the ATLAS detector is the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-03-25 Imran Aziz , Yasin Alekajbaf , Dragos Dancila , Kristiaan Pelckmans , Abhinav Jain , Richard Brenner

The pixel detector is the innermost tracking device in CMS, reconstructing interaction vertices and charged particle trajectories. The sensors located in the innermost layers of the pixel detector must be upgraded for the ten-fold increase…

During the shutdown of the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2013-2014, an additional pixel layer was installed between the existing Pixel detector of the ATLAS experiment and a new, smaller radius beam pipe. The motivation for this new pixel…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-06-07 B. Abbott , J. Albert , F. Alberti , M. Alex , G. Alimonti , S. Alkire , P. Allport , S. Altenheiner , L. Ancu , E. Anderssen , A. Andreani , A. Andreazza , B. Axen , J. Arguin , M. Backhaus , G. Balbi , J. Ballansat , M. Barbero , G. Barbier , A. Bassalat , R. Bates , P. Baudin , M. Battaglia , T. Beau , R. Beccherle , A. Bell , M. Benoit , A. Bermgan , C. Bertsche , D. Bertsche , J. Bilbao de Mendizabal , F. Bindi , M. Bomben , M. Borri , C. Bortolin , N. Bousson , R. Boyd , P. Breugnon , G. Bruni , J. Brossamer , M. Bruschi , P. Buchholz , E. Budun , C. Buttar , F. Cadoux , G. Calderini , L. Caminada , M. Capeans , R. Carney , G. Casse , A. Catinaccio , M. Cavalli-Sforza , M. Červ , A. Cervelli , C. Chau , J. Chauveau , S. Chen , M. Chu , M. Ciapetti , V. Cindro , M. Citterio , A. Clark , M. Cobal , S. Coelli , J. Collot , O. Crespo-Lopez , G. Dalla Betta , C. Daly , G. D'Amen , N. Dann , V. Dao , G. Darbo , C. DaVia , P. David , S. Debieux , P. Delebecque , F. De Lorenzi , R. de Oliveira , K. Dette , W. Dietsche , B. Di Girolamo , N. Dinu , F. Dittus , D. Diyakov , F. Djama , D. Dobos , P. Dondero , K. Doonan , J. Dopke , O. Dorholt , S. Dube , D. Dzahini , K. Egorov , O. Ehrmann , K. Einsweiler , S. Elles , M. Elsing , L. Eraud , A. Ereditato , A. Eyring , D. Falchieri , A. Falou , C. Fausten , A. Favareto , Y. Favre , S. Feigl , S. Fernandez Perez , D. Ferrere , J. Fleury , T. Flick , D. Forshaw , D. Fougeron , L. Franconi , A. Gabrielli , R. Gaglione , C. Gallrapp , K. Gan , M. Garcia-Sciveres , G. Gariano , T. Gastaldi , I. Gavrilenko , A. Gaudiello , N. Geffroy , C. Gemme , F. Gensolen , M. George , P. Ghislain , N. Giangiacomi , S. Gibson , M. Giordani , D. Giugni , H. Gjersdal , K. Glitza , D. Gnani , J. Godlewski , L. Gonella , S. Gonzalez-Sevilla , I. Gorelov , A. Gorišek , C. Gössling , S. Grancagnolo , H. Gray , I. Gregor , P. Grenier , S. Grinstein , A. Gris , V. Gromov , D. Grondin , J. Grosse-Knetter , F. Guescini , E. Guido , P. Gutierrez , G. Hallewell , N. Hartman , S. Hauck , J. Hasi , A. Hasib , F. Hegner , S. Heidbrink , T. Heim , B. Heinemann , T. Hemperek , N. Hessey , M. Hetmánek , R. Hinman , M. Hoeferkamp , T. Holmes , J. Hostachy , S. Hsu , F. Hügging , C. Husi , G. Iacobucci , I. Ibragimov , J. Idarraga , Y. Ikegami , T. Ince , R. Ishmukhametov , J. M. Izen , Z. Janoška , J. Janssen , L. Jansen , L. Jeanty , F. Jensen , J. Jentzsch , S. Jezequel , J. Joseph , H. Kagan , M. Kagan , M. Karagounis , R. Kass , A. Kastanas , C. Kenney , S. Kersten , P. Kind , M. Klein , R. Klingenberg , R. Kluit , M. Kocian , E. Koffeman , O. Korchak , I. Korolkov , I. Kostyukhina-Visoven , S. Kovalenko , M. Kretz , N. Krieger , H. Krüger , A. Kruth , A. Kugel , W. Kuykendall , A. La Rosa , C. Lai , K. Lantzsch , C. Lapoire , D. Laporte , T. Lari , S. Latorre , M. Leyton , B. Lindquist , K. Looper , I. Lopez , A. Lounis , Y. Lu , H. Lubatti , S. Maeland , A. Maier , U. Mallik , F. Manca , B. Mandelli , I. Mandić , D. Marchand , G. Marchiori , M. Marx , N. Massol , P. Mättig , J. Mayer , G. Mc Goldrick , A. Mekkaoui , M. Menouni , J. Menu , C. Meroni , J. Mesa , S. Michal , S. Miglioranzi , M. Mikuž , A. Miucci , K. Mochizuki , M. Monti , J. Moore , P. Morettini , A. Morley , J. Moss , D. Muenstermann , P. Murray , K. Nakamura , C. Nellist , D. Nelson , M. Nessi , R. Nisius , M. Nordberg , F. Nuiry , T. Obermann , W. Ockenfels , H. Oide , M. Oriunno , F. Ould-Saada , C. Padilla , P. Pangaud , S. Parker , G. Pelleriti , H. Pernegger , G. Piacquadio , A. Picazio , D. Pohl , A. Polini , X. Pons , J. Popule , X. Portell Bueso , K. Potamianos , M. Povoli , D. Puldon , Y. Pylypchenko , A. Quadt , B. Quayle , F. Rarbi , F. Ragusa , T. Rambure , E. Richards , C. Riegel , B. Ristic , F. Rivière , F. Rizatdinova , O. Røhne , C. Rossi , L. Rossi , A. Rovani , A. Rozanov , I. Rubinskiy , M. Rudolph , A. Rummler , E. Ruscino , F. Sabatini , D. Salek , A. Salzburger , H. Sandaker , M. Sannino , B. Sanny , T. Scanlon , J. Schipper , U. Schmidt , B. Schneider , A. Schorlemmer , N. Schroer , P. Schwemling , A. Sciuccati , S. Seidel , A. Seiden , P. Šícho , P. Skubic , M. Sloboda , D. Smith , M. Smith , A. Sood , E. Spencer , M. Stramaglia , M. Strauss , S. Stucci , B. Stugu , J. Stupak , N. Styles , D. Su , Y. Takubo , J. Tassan , P. Teng , A. Teixeira , S. Terzo , X. Therry , T. Todorov , M. Tomášek , K. Toms , R. Travaglini , W. Trischuk , C. Troncon , G. Troska , S. Tsiskaridze , I. Tsurin , D. Tsybychev , Y. Unno , L. Vacavant , B. Verlaat , E. Vigeolas , M. Vogt , V. Vrba , R. Vuillermet , W. Wagner , W. Walkowiak , R. Wang , S. Watts , M. Weber , M. Weber , J. Weingarten , S. Welch , S. Wenig , M. Wensing , N. Wermes , T. Wittig , M. Wittgen , T. Yildizkaya , Y. Yang , W. Yao , Y. Yi , A. Zaman , R. Zaidan , C. Zeitnitz , M. Ziolkowski , V. Zivkovic , A. Zoccoli , L. Zwalinski

The CMS detector at the CERN LHC features a silicon pixel detector as its innermost subdetector. The original CMS pixel detector has been replaced with an upgraded pixel system (CMS Phase-1 pixel detector) in the extended year-end technical…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-12-29 The Tracker Group of the CMS Collaboration

The ATLAS detector at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be exposed to proton-proton collisions from beams crossing at 40 MHz. At the design luminosity of 10^34 cm^-2 s^-1 there are on average 23 collisions per bunch crossing. A…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-11-18 David Berge

Recent advancements in sensors have led to high resolution and high data throughput at the pixel level. Simultaneously, the adoption of increasingly large (deep) neural networks (NNs) has lead to significant progress in computer vision.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Saurabh Farkya , Zachary Alan Daniels , Aswin Raghavan , Gooitzen van der Wal , Michael Isnardi , Michael Piacentino , David Zhang

The ATLAS detector is installed in its experimental cavern at Point 1 of the CERN Large Hadron Collider. During Run 2 of the LHC, a luminosity of $\mathcal{L}=2\times 10^{34}\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ was routinely achieved at the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-06-10 ATLAS Collaboration

The ITkPixV2 chip is the final production readout chip for the ATLAS Phase 2 Inner Tracker (ITk) upgrade at the upcoming High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Due to the extraordinarily high peak luminosity at the HL-LHC of $5 \times 10^{34}$…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-04-22 Luc Le Pottier , Timon Heim , Maurice Garcia-Sciveres

This contribution introduces a novel test system developed to evaluate the signal transmission quality in high-speed data links for the 2026 Inner Tracker (ITk) upgrade of the ATLAS experiment. Using an FPGA-based data acquisition (DAQ)…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-03-17 F. Ustuner , A. C. Mullins , S. Eisenhardt , M. Kocian , D. Su , M. Wittgen , A. Young

The CMS pixel barrel system will consist of three layers built of about 800 modules. One module contains 66560 readout channels and the full pixel barrel system about 48 million channels. It is mandatory to test each channel for…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-11-11 A. Starodumov , W. Erdmann , R. Horisberger , H. Chr. Kaestli , D. Kotlinski , U. Langenegger , B. Meier , T. Rohe , P. Trueb

The ATLAS Inner Tracker, the future innermost part of the ATLAS detector, is an all-silicon tracker composed of pixel and strip modules, designed to cope with the extreme conditions expected during High-Luminosity LHC runs. Thorough testing…

Digital cameras and displays utilise picture elements (pixels) that perform a single function: detecting or emitting light intensity. To exploit the full information content of electromagnetic waves, more advanced elements are required.…

The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider reads out particle collision data from over 100 million electronic channels at a rate of approximately $100$ kHz, with a recording rate for physics events of approximately 1 kHz. Before being…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-04-06 ATLAS Collaboration

The silicon pixel sensor is the core component of the vertex detector for the Circular Electron Positron Collider~(CEPC). The JadePix3 is a full-function large-size CMOS chip designed for the CEPC vertex detector. To test all the functions…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-08-11 Sheng Dong , Yunpeng Lu , Hulin Wang , Wenhao Dong , Guangming Huang

CMOS pixel sensors (CPS) represent a novel technological approach to building charged particle detectors. CMOS processes allow to integrate a sensing volume and readout electronics in a single silicon die allowing to build sensors with a…

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is currently preparing to replace its present Inner Detector (ID) with the upgraded, all-silicon Inner Tracker (ITk) for its High-Luminosity upgrade (HL-LHC). The ITk will consist of a…

DEPFET pixel detectors are unique devices in terms of energy and spatial resolution because very low noise (ENC = 2.2e at room temperature) operation can be obtained by implementing the amplifying transistor in the pixel cell itself. Full…

HV-CMOS pixel sensors are a promising option for the tracker upgrade of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, as well as for other future tracking applications in which large areas are to be instrumented with radiation-tolerant silicon pixel…