Related papers: On the discovery of Birkhoff's theorem
This paper investigates the historical origin and ancestors of typicality, which is now a central concept in Boltzmannian Statistical Mechanics and Bohmian Mechanics. Although Ludwig Boltzmann did not use the word typicality, its main idea,…
As is well-known, the Schwarzschild metric cannot be derived based on pre-general-relativistic physics alone, which means using only special relativity, the Einstein equivalence principle and the Newtonian limit. The standard way to derive…
We provide a method to determine the motion of a classical massive particle in a background geometry of 2-dimensional gravity theories, for which the Birkhoff theorem holds. In particular, we get the particle trajectory in a continuous…
We provide a Kingman-like Theorem for arbitrary finite measures and a version of Birkhoff's Theorem for bounded observable. As an application, we show that Birkhoff's limit exists for some continuous observable, in an example of Bowen.
A class of 2-dimensional models including 2-d dilaton gravity, spherically symmetric reduction of d-dimensional Einstein gravity and other related theories are classically analyzed. The general analytic solutions in the absence of matter…
We study the peeling on Kerr spacetime for fields satisfying conformally invariant linear and nonlinear scalar wave equations. We follow an approach initiated by L.J. Mason and the first author for the Schwarzschild metric, based on a…
We obtain magnetic black-hole solutions in arbitrary $n(\ge 4)$ even dimensions for an action given by the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-Maxwell-$\Lambda$ pieces with the $F^4$ gauge-correction terms. This action arises in the low energy limit of…
Under certain conditions imposed on the energy-momentum tensor, a theorem that characterizes a two-parameter family of static and spherically symmetric solutions to Einstein's field equations (black holes), is proved. A discussion on the…
The uncertainty principle is often interpreted by the tradeoff between the error of a measurement and the consequential disturbance to the followed ones, which originated long ago from Heisenberg himself but now falls into reexamination and…
A succinct chronology is given around Nov 1915, when the explicit field equations of General Relativity have been found. Evidence, unearthed by D.Wuensch, that a decisive document of Hilbert has been mutilated in recent years with the…
This review describes the events leading up to the discovery of the Kerr metric in 1963 and the enormous impact the discovery has had in the subsequent 50 years. The review discusses the Penrose process, the four laws of black hole…
The Schr\"oder-Bernstein theorem states that, for any two sets P and Q, if there exists an injection from P to Q and an injection from Q to P, then there must exist a bijection between the two sets. Classically, it follows that the ordering…
For the simple system of a point-like particle confined to a straight line, I compile, initially in a concise table, the structural elements of quantum mechanics and contrast them with those of classical (statistical) mechanics. Despite…
We describe a numerical code that solves Einstein's equations for a Schwarzschild black hole in spherical symmetry, using a hyperbolic formulation introduced by Choquet-Bruhat and York. This is the first time this formulation has been used…
We construct a Schwarzschild-type exact external solution for a theory of gravity admitting local Galilean invariance. In order to realize the Galilean invariance we need to adopt a five-dimensional manifold. The solution for the…
We present proofs of basic results, including those developed by Harold Bell, for the plane fixed point problem: does every map of a non-separating plane continuum have a fixed point? Some of these results had been announced much earlier by…
The metric outside an isolated object made up of ordinary matter is bound to be the classical Schwarzschild vacuum solution of General Relativity. Nevertheless, some solutions are known (e.g. Morris-Thorne wormholes) that do not match…
In this paper we prove a generalisation of Schlenk's theorem about the existence of contractible periodic Reeb orbits on stable, displaceable hypersurfaces in symplectically aspherical, geometrically bounded, symplectic manifolds, to a…
The classical form of Gr\"{u}ss' inequality was first published by G. Gr\"{u}ss in 1935 and gives an estimate of the difference between the integral of the product and the product of the integrals of two functions. After that many variants…
In 1874 Brill and Noether designed a seminal geometric method for computing bases of Riemann-Roch spaces. From then, their method has led to several algorithms, some of them being implemented in computer algebra systems. The usual proofs…