Related papers: On the discovery of Birkhoff's theorem
In a comment published several years ago in this Journal [J. Math. Phys. 50, 042502 (2009)] Mitra has claimed to prove that a neutral point particle in general relativity as described by the Schwarzschild metric must have zero gravitational…
We solve exactly the problem of a finite slab receiving an isotropic radiation on one side and no radiation on the other side. This problem - to be more precise the calculation of the source function within the slab - was first formulated…
We extend Birkhoff's theorem for almost LRS-II vacuum spacetimes to show that the rigidity of spherical vacuum solutions of Einstein's field equations continues even in the perturbed scenario.
In the context of the recently proposed type-II minimally modified gravity theory, i.e. a metric theory of gravity with two local physical degrees of freedom that does not possess an Einstein frame, we study spherically symmetric vacuum…
The following conjecture has been known for many decades as Schiffer's symmetry problem (or Schiffer's conjecture): Assume that $\Delta u+k^2u=0$ in $D$, $u|_S=0$, $u_N|_S=1$, where $D\subset \mathbb{R}^3$ is a bounded, connected,…
We consider spherically symmetric space-times in GR under the unconventional assumptions that the spherical radius $r$ is either a constant or has a null gradient in the $(t,x)$ subspace orthogonal to the symmetry spheres (i.e., $(\partial…
Birkhoff's theorem is one of the most important statements of Einstein's general relativity, which generally can not be extended to modified theories of gravity. Here we study the validity of the theorem in scalar-tensor theories using a…
The quantum logic program originated in a 1936 article by G. Birkhoff and J. von Neumann. This program is generally disregarded due to no-go theorems restricting the existence of the tensor product of elementary quantum logics and, above…
We prove an abstract Birkhoff normal form theorem for Hamiltonian partial differential equations on torus. The normal form is complete up to arbitrary finite order. The proof is based on a valid non-resonant condition and a suitable norm of…
The double null form of the Schwarzschild metric is usually arrived at by demanding Eddington-Finkelstein (EF) conditions at the horizon. This leads to certain logarithmic fall-offs that are too slow along null directions at $\mathscr{I}$,…
We investigate the problem of static and spherically symmetric solutions in the Starobinsky gravity model. By extending the Lichnerowicz and Israel theorems, William Nelson have demonstrated that the Schwarzschild solution is the unique…
In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, Ludwig Boltzmann explained how irreversible macroscopic laws, in particular the second law of thermodynamics, originate in the time-reversible laws of microscopic physics. Boltzmann's analysis,…
The explanation of the first-order Stark effect in hydrogen by Epstein and Schwarzschild in 1916 was seen as a great success for the old quantum theory. Yet, it also revealed some serious limitations of the theory. To recover the…
In 1959 Buchdahl \cite{Bu} obtained the inequality $2M/R\leq 8/9$ under the assumptions that the energy density is non-increasing outwards and that the pressure is isotropic. Here $M$ is the ADM mass and $R$ the area radius of the boundary…
It is well known that the Schwarzschild solution describes the gravitational field outside compact spherically symmetric mass distribution in General Relativity. In particular, it describes the gravitational field outside a point particle.…
Schwarzschild's 'interior solution' is a space-time metric that satisfies Einstein's gravitational field equations with a source term that Einstein created on the basis of an unjustified identification of the conceptually distinct notions…
The analysis of the validity of Birkhoff's theorem about the uniqueness of the spherically symmetric solution of the gravitational field equations is extended to the framework of the Poincar\'e gauge gravity theory. The class of models with…
This paper explores ``black hole'' solutions of various Einstein-wave matter systems admitting an isometry of their domain of outer communications taking every point to its future. In the first two parts, it is shown that such solutions,…
The idea of atoms is old but X-rays provided the first probe into the physical atom. Photographs of X-ray scattering from crystals -Laue spots- were the first visual proof for the physical existence of atoms arranged in a perfect geometric…
We explore an (unpublished) approach to the famous Jacobian Conjecture by means of identities of algebras, discovered by the brilliant deceased mathematician, Alexander Vladimirovich Yagzhev (1951{2001). This approach also indicates some…