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False vacuum decay in quantum mechanical first order phase transitions is a phenomenon with wide implications in cosmology, and presents interesting theoretical challenges. In the standard approach, it is assumed that false vacuum decay…
Recent theories of nucleation that go beyond Classical Nucleation Theory predict that diffusion-limited nucleation of both liquid droplets and of crystals from a low-density vapor (or weak solution) begins with long-wavelength density…
Parameter estimation in diffusion processes from discrete observations up to a first-hitting time is clearly of practical relevance, but does not seem to have been studied so far. In neuroscience, many models for the membrane potential…
In the absence of impurities and boundary effects, first order phase transitions are initiated by the nucleation of critical bubbles. In thermally driven transitions many systems can remain metastable for an extended time, possibly tens of…
We report model calculations on DNA single strands which describe the equilibrium dynamics and kinetics of hairpin formation and melting. Modeling is at the level of single bases. Strand rigidity is described in terms of simple polymer…
We compute the dynamical prefactor in the nucleation rate of bubbles or droplets in first order phase transitions for the case where both viscous damping and thermal dissipation are significant. This result, which generalizes previous work…
In this article we consider the estimation of static parameters for partially observed diffusion processes with discrete-time observations over a fixed time interval. In particular, when one only has access to time-discretized solutions of…
The movement of a particle described by Brownian motion is quantified by a single parameter, $D$, the diffusion constant. The estimation of $D$ from a discrete sequence of noisy observations is a fundamental problem in biological single…
After crossing an initial barrier to break the first base-pair (bp) in double-stranded DNA, the disruption of further bps is characterized by free energies between less than one to a few kT. This causes the opening of intermittent…
Bubble chambers and droplet detectors used in dosimetry and dark matter particle search experiments use a superheated metastable liquid in which nuclear recoils trigger bubble nucleation. This process is described by the classical heat…
The interplay between crystal nucleation and the structure of the metastable fluid has been a topic of significant debate over recent years. In particular, it has been suggested that even in simple model systems such as hard or charged…
Localised heterogeneities have been recently discovered to act as bubble-nucleation sites in nonlinear field theories. Vacuum decay seeded by black holes is one of the most remarkable applications. This article proposes a simple and exactly…
An 1d model with time-dependent random hopping is proposed to describe charge transport in DNA. It admits to investigate both diffusion of electrons and their tunneling between different sites in DNA. The tunneling appears to be strongly…
We study the fluctuation dynamics of localized denaturation bubbles in heteropolymer DNA with a master equation and complementary stochastic simulation based on novel DNA stability data. A significant dependence of opening probability and…
We calculate bubble-nucleation rates for (2+1)-dimensional scalar theories at high temperature. Our approach is based on the notion of a real coarse-grained potential. The region of applicability of our method is determined through internal…
We summarize recent work on the consistent calculation of bubble-nucleation rates. Our approach is based on the notion of a real coarse-grained potential. The bubble-nucleation rate is calculated through an expansion around the…
Gas-liquid flows through packed bed reactors (PBRs) are challenging to predict due to the tortuous flow paths that fluid interfaces must traverse. Experiments at the International Space Station showed that bubble and pulse flows are…
The first stages of the path instability phenomenon known to affect the buoyancy-driven motion of gas bubbles rising in weakly or moderately viscous liquids are examined thanks to a recently developed numerical tool designed to assess the…
The most interesting step of condensation is the cluster formation up to the critical size. In a closed system, this is an instationary process, as the vapour is depleted by the emerging liquid phase. This imposes a limitation on direct…
Changes in the statistical properties of a stochastic process are typically assumed to occur via change-points, which demark instantaneous moments of complete and total change in process behavior. In cases where these transitions occur…