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The spatial-temporal beam quality of laser sources is crucial for applications such as nonlinear spectroscopy and master oscillator power amplification systems. However, the temporal stability remains challenged by issues like line-width…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-21 Siyu Chen , Jun Ye , Lei Du , Wenwen Cheng , Jiangming Xu , Rongtao Su , Pu Zhou , Zongfu Jiang

Recently, the self-modulation scheme of a weakly pre-bunched electron beam has been proposed [Yan et al., Physical Review Letters 126, 084801 (2021)], which is of great promise for high-repetition-rate seeded free-electron lasers (FELs),…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Hanxiang Yang , Jiawei Yan , Haixiao Deng

In Free Electron Lasers (FEL), a transverse centroid misalignment of longitudinal slices in an electron bunch reduces the effective overlap between radiation field and electron bunch and therefore the FEL performance. The dominant sources…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2013-08-29 Marc W. Guetg , Bolko Beutner , Eduard Prat , Sven Reiche

Here we experimentally map the dynamics of electron plasma waves in laser solid interaction. We do time resolved measurements of second harmonic and hard X-ray generation from interaction of intense ($10^{16} W cm^{-2}$, 100 fs, 800nm)…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arvinder S. Sandhu , G. Ravindra Kumar , S. Sengupta , A. Das , P. K. Kaw

The generation of attosecond X-ray pulses has garnered significant attention within the X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) community due to their potential for ultrafast time-resolved studies. Such pulses enable the investigation of electron…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Tu Lingjun , Sun Hao , Yi Huaiqian , Zeng Li , Liang Yifan , Yu Yong , Wang Xiaofan , Zhang Weiqing

Baseline design of a typical X-ray FEL undulator assumes a planar configuration which results in a linear polarization of the FEL radiation. However, many experiments at X-ray FEL user facilities would profit from using a circularly…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 E. A. Schneidmiller , M. V. Yurkov

We study the nonlinear process of second harmonic generation in photonic time-crystals, materials with refractive index that varies abruptly and periodically in time, and obtain the phase matching condition for this process. We find…

A high-power laser pulse at normal incidence onto a plane solid target will generate odd harmonics of its frequency. However, the spacing of the harmonic lines in this configuration is fixed. Here, we study harmonic generation using two…

Optics · Physics 2025-01-20 Raoul Trines , Holger Schmitz , Martin King , Paul McKenna , Robert Bingham

We proposed a mechanism to generate giant anisotropic second harmonic nonlinear response via double resonance effect, achieved through band nesting via electronic bandstructure engineering. The ideal band setup would be a triplet of nested…

Second-harmonic generation allows for coherently bridging distant regions of the optical spectrum, with applications ranging from laser technology to self-referencing of frequency combs. However, accessing the nonlinear response of a medium…

This work theoretically investigates high-order harmonic generation in rare gas atoms driven by two temporally delayed ultrashort laser pulses. Apart from their temporal delay, the two pulses are identical. Using a single-atom model of the…

The generation of high harmonics is a strongly nonlinear effect that allows to probe properties of the target and to study electron dynamics in matter. It has been investigated in many different kinds of targets, including molecular gases,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Lina Bielke , Samuel Schöpa , Falk-Erik Wiechmann , Franziska Fennel , Dieter Bauer

High harmonic generation (HHG) is a nonlinear process that enables table-top generation of tunable, high-energy, coherent, ultrashort radiation pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) to soft X-ray range. These pulses find applications in…

One of the options for increasing longitudinal coherency of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) is their seeding with microbunched electron beam. Several schemes leading to significant amplitude of the beam bunching at X-ray wavelengths were…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2012-07-23 Nikolai A. Yampolsky , Bruce E. Carlsten

The generation of high-order harmonics in bulk solids subjected to intense ultrashort laser pulses has opened up new avenues for research in extreme nonlinear optics and light-matter interaction on sub-cycle timescales. Despite significant…

The random laser action with coherent feedback by second-harmonic generation (SHG) was experimentally demonstrated in this paper. Compared with the conventional random laser action based on photoluminescence effect, which needs strong…

Optics · Physics 2016-11-24 Yanqi Qiao , Yuanlin Zheng , Zengyan Cai , Xianfeng Chen

High order harmonic (HOH) generation by interacting extremely intense electromagnetic waves in the quantum vacuum is investigated within the framework of the Heisenberg-Euler formalism. We consider here the process in the lowest order of a…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Pavel Sasorov , Sergei Bulanov

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a direct measure of the strength of second-order nonlinear optical effects, which also include frequency mixing and parametric oscillations. Natural and artificial materials with broken…

In high harmonic generation (HHG), non-dipole effects become increasingly significant at long driving wavelengths, as the magnetic field leads to a lateral drift of the continuum electron, which disrupts the electron recollision and…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-03 Hailang Wei , Xiaosong Zhu , Pengfei Lan , Peixiang Lu

A model of a Free Electron Laser operating with an elliptically polarised undulator is presented. The equations describing the FEL interaction, including resonant harmonic radiation fields, are averaged over an undulator period and generate…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2016-07-20 J R Henderson , L T Campbell , H P Freund , B W J McNeil