Related papers: Lanczos - Einstein - Petiau: From Dirac's equation…
Lanczos's quaternionic interpretation of Dirac's equation provides a unified description for all elementary particles of spin 0, 1/2, 1, and 3/2. The Lagrangian formulation given by Einstein and Mayer in 1933 predicts two main classes of…
It is shown (1) that Lanczos's quaternionic formulation of Dirac's equation does not lead to a solution of the problems that plague the standard spin 3/2 theory based on the Rarita-Schwinger equation, but (2) that the four-component…
Editorial note: In this lecture, held at the meeting of the Berlin Physical Society, October 25, 1929, Lanczos discusses a nonlinear generalization of Proca's equation (derived from his ``fundamental equation'') such that the mass is…
Dirac's equation of the electron will be discussed by using quaternions as the basis of a new formalism which seems to be very well adapted to the problem. The transformation properties of the equations as well as the invariant and…
In 1919 A. Einstein suspected first that gravitational fields could play an essential role in the structure of elementary particles. In 1937, P.A.M. Dirac found a miraculous link between the properties of the visible Universe and elementary…
Lanczos's idea of classical electrodynamics as a biquaternionic field theory in which point singularities are interpreted as electrons is reevaluated. Using covariant quaternionic integration techniques developed by Paul Weiss in 1941, we…
The Dirac equation provides a description of spin 1/2 particles, consistent with both the principles of quantum mechanics and of special relativity. Often its presentation to students is based on mathematical propositions that may hide the…
The bispinor wave function finds its fundamental application in the study of electrons, neutrinos and protons as particles bound by their own potentials. Classical electromagnetism and the Dirac electron theory appear to be natural…
Many difficulties of interpretation met by contemporary researchers attempting to recast or generalize Dirac's, Proca's, or Maxwell's theories using biquaternions or Clifford numbers have been encountered long ago by a number of physicists…
As a continuation of previous investigations, the formalism used there is extended to the case when an external electric field is present and the covariant formulation is performed again. The equation system obtained allows no restriction…
The lifelong efforts of Paul A. M. Dirac were to construct localized quantum systems in the Lorentz covariant world. In 1927, he noted that the time-energy uncertainty should be included in the Lorentz-covariant picture. In 1945, he…
Although electrons (fermions) and photons(bosons) produce the same interference patterns in the two-slit experiments, the description of these patterns is markedly different. Photons are spin one, relativistic and massless while electrons…
150 years after the discovery of quaternions, Hamilton's conjecture that quaternions are a fundamental language for physics is reevaluated and shown to be essentially correct, provided one admits complex numbers in both classical and…
There suggested a modification of the Dirac electron theory, eliminating its mathematical incompleteness. The modified Dirac electron, called dual, is described by two waves, one of which is the Dirac wave and the second dynamically…
Generalizing the linearisation procedure used by Dirac and later by L\'evy-Leblond, we derive the first-order non-relativistic wave equations for particles of spin 1 and spin 3/2 starting from the Schrodinger equation.
Based on experimental evidences supporting the hypothesis that neutrinos might be spacelike particles, a new Dirac-type equation is proposed and a spin-1/2 spacelike quantum theory is developed. The new Dirac-type equation provides a…
The relativistic positive-energy wave equation proposed by P. Dirac in 1971 is an old but largely forgotten subject. The purpose of this note is to speculate that particles described by this equation (called here Dirac particles) are…
We considered an extension of the standard functional for the Einstein-Dirac equation where the Dirac operator is replaced by the square of the Dirac operator and a real parameter controlling the length of spinors is introduced. For one…
A novel method is developed to derive the original Dirac equation and demonstrate that it is the only Poincare invariant dynamical equation for 4-component spinor wavefunctions. New Poincare invariant generalized Dirac and Klein-Gordon…
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations of a free spinning particle in 2+1-dimensions or {\it anyon} are established, following closely the analysis of Hanson and Regge. Two viable (and inequivalent) Lagrangians are derived. It is also…